The Alaska meeting ended without any joint statement or formal expression of willingness to work together, even in areas where both say their interests intersect, such as climate change and rolling back of nuclear programmes of North Korea and Iran. The meeting helped the two sides in gaining a sense of their differing perceptions and the future trajectory of their relationship.

Acrimonious: The growing differences in the mutual perceptions of the US and China are due to the belief in superiority of their political systems. PTI

Yogesh Gupta

Former Ambassador

At the Alaska meetings with US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken and National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan from March 18-19, 2021, China’s Politburo member and top diplomat, Yang Jiechi and Foreign Minister Wang Yi had tough and contentious discussions on America’s growing criticism of China’s human rights record in Xinjiang, Tibet, suppression of democratic rights in Hong Kong, cyber attacks against the US and aggressive behaviour towards the allies and partners of the US.

Responding to Blinken’s two minutes of opening remarks with his 16 minutes of diatribe, Yang accused the US of condescension and hypocrisy. He said the US values did not represent the international public opinion and it was not qualified to give any lectures to China on these issues. China would not countenance any interference on its sovereignty issues, such as Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang or Taiwan. Yang insisted that the US must give China equality of treatment.

Though the meeting helped the two sides in gaining a sense of their differing perceptions and the future trajectory of their relationship, it made clear that the differences and disagreements between them would be the new normal. Any hope of altering China’s behaviour, domestically or towards the US and its allies, would be a long process with little chance of success.

On the Chinese side, any expectation that the Biden administration would resume normal ties or remove tariffs on China’s exports, sanctions for denial of sensitive technologies, visa and other restrictions on the Communist party members, Chinese students, journalists and companies, was quickly dispelled.

The increasing acrimony between the US and China reflects the growing differences in their mutual perceptions due to the belief in the superiority of their political systems, increasing weight in the shifting balance of global power and domestic pressures.

President Biden believes that with the $1.9-trillion stimulus, the US economy is gathering strength and with the superiority of the US political system, its technological and military strength and growing support of its numerous allies and partners, the US would ultimately prevail in its competition over China. Given the growing anti-China sentiment in the US and strong pressure from the Republicans and many Democrats, the Biden administration can’t appear to be weak in its resolve. Biden said that he was proud of the stand taken by his Secretary of State.

China’s President Xi Jinping has played up on the superiority of the Chinese political system to deliver on controlling the pandemic and revival of its economy. He believes that the East is rising and the West is declining and that time is on China’s side. The more powerful that China becomes, the less unbridled the US would be.

Where do they go from here? Blinken said the US would consult with its allies and partners in the NATO, EU and Asia and factor in the Chinese perceptions in the US new strategy to win the long-term competition against her. On March 22, the US, EU, UK and Canada concurrently announced additional sanctions on a number of Chinese officials for human rights violations in Xinjiang. China responded by imposing its own sanctions on a range of European individuals and organisations, thus tail-spinning their relationship further and raising question marks over the approval of the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) by the European Parliament.

After Biden called Russian President Putin a “killer”, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov decided to visit China on March 22. The two countries accused the US of creating a Cold War-like alliance and hit out against the Western sanctions tied to human rights. They decided to deepen cooperation in economic, political and military fields to counter the US pressure. China is also consulting with other countries estranged with the US, such as Turkey and Iran, to form a group to show that it is not isolated.

Against these perceptions, the US-China rivalry is bound to gather fresh steam. Aware that China has deployed more military assets in the East China Sea than the US (China’s 1,250 fighter jets to America’s 250, six times more submarines and nine times as many warships than the US), the US is likely to station more military assets in the region to honour its security commitments to Japan, Taiwan and other countries. There will be more joint military drills in the East China Sea to deter Beijing’s aggressive posture.

The allies and partners of the US who want to maintain their security relationship with the US and economic linkages with Beijing would have the difficult task of constantly adjusting their ties to the evolving situation. Quad countries are already beefing up their military preparedness. The US has asked Japan to increase its military spending from the current 1 per cent of its GDP to about 2 per cent. The US has discussed various measures to augment India’s security during the recent visit of its Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin.

Notwithstanding its public posture, the Chinese leadership, including Xi, is not happy at the outcome of the Alaska summit, as it has dampened the prospects of Xi’s early meeting with Biden, which Xi had arranged successfully with Biden’s predecessors Obama and Trump.

The deterioration of China’s relationship with the US will not go down well with senior Chinese leaders as the country celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party on July 1, 2021 and Xi seeks a third term in 2022. China is now adopting a low profile and has cancelled the military parade in the celebrations for the party’s 100th anniversary.

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev are a source of inspiration for one generation after another. Bhagat Singh had said: ‘Individuals can be crushed, but not the ideas, which have a longer life than individuals.’ Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were crushed as individuals by the British rulers, but their ideas continue to spread fragrance.

BRAVE YOUNG MEN: The three comrades went to the gallows together on March 23, 1931. Tribune photo

Chaman Lal

90th death anniversary of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru & Sukhdev

BHAGAT Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev are regarded as supreme martyrs of the Indian freedom struggle. On the 90th anniversary of the trio’s martyrdom, Bhagat Singh continues to be in the spotlight, even as Rajguru and Sukhdev find less mention.

Sukhdev was born on May 15, 1907, as per family records and on February 18, 1907, as per his school certificate mentioned date, in Naughara family house in a now crowded area of Ludhiana, although the family was living in Lyallpur where Bhagat Singh’s family also lived. Since Sukhdev’s father died early, he was brought up by his uncle Achint Ram Thapar, a nationalist in his own right of Lyallpur. Two biographies of Sukhdev are authentic, written by his brothers Jaidev Thapar and Mathura Das Thapar. Jaidev’s work is not available, while Mathura Das’ Mere Bhai Sukhdev has got many reprints and continues to be in circulation.

Mathura Das Thapar’s biography of his brother is well documented and carries a few writings of Sukhdev as well. A copy of the proceedings of the Lahore conspiracy trial with Sukhdev’s notes on the sidelines is part of the National Archives of India, gifted by Sukhdev’s family. Sukhdev, along with Bejoy Kumar Sinha and Bhagwati Charan Vohra, was an ideological comrade of Bhagat Singh. Mathura Das Thapar, in his memoirs of Sukhdev, had mentioned the titles of books which both Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev had read and discussed for hours, sometimes the whole night.

In their political organisation— Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Army (HSRA), while Bhagat Singh was the coordinator for all states, Sukhdev was the convenor of Punjab state. Both Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev were college mates at National College, Lahore. Sukhdev’s name figures nowhere in the Saunders assassination case, known as the second Lahore conspiracy case, the first one being the Ghadar Party case in which Kartar Singh Sarabha and six others were executed.https://1b4e7be1fb991778568c5cc708ce593a.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html

Sukhdev, being trapped in the usual police lies-based investigation of always saying that the other accused have already told the whole story, had made a statement, but still was being careful by not mentioning the party shelters. He was neither part of the assassination, in which Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Jai Gopal had taken part and Chandrashekhar Azad had overseen the whole operation. Yet, he owned every part of the assassination plan and preferred to die with his comrades rather than save his own life. The farcical part of the trial and ‘colonial justice’ was the death sentence for Sukhdev, which could not have been given in any judicial system, as AG Noorani underlined in his classic book The Trial of Bhagat Singh.

There are two letters written by Bhagat Singh to Sukhdev. Both have been published, but Sukhdev’s letters to Bhagat Singh have not been found. Both letters deal with the philosophical themes of love and suicide. While Sukhdev’s ideas or perception of love was somewhat traditional and conservative, Bhagat Singh was more liberal and realist in his perception about love. He tells Sukhdev in his letter that love is a feeling which can give great strength to the revolutionaries, by giving an example of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini: “In the context of discussing someone’s character, one thing that is worth thinking about is if love has ever proved to be helpful to any person. Let me answer this today — yes, it did — for Mazzini. You must surely have read that he was not able to endure the first unsuccessful rebellion, the grief of a heart-wrenching failure, and the memory of martyred comrades. He could have either gone mad or committed suicide, but with a letter from his beloved, he became not only as strong as the others, but stronger than everybody else” (Letter to Sukhdev, April 5, 1929).

Both friends had changed their opinion in jail. Sukhdev, who despised the idea of suicide outside, not tolerating the sufferings of jail, became a votary of suicide in prison, while Bhagat Singh outside jail was more sympathetic to a man who committed suicide due to sufferings in life. In a September 1930 letter, a few days before the death sentence to all three was announced, Bhagat Singh rebuked Sukhdev inside the jail itself on thinking about suicide: “Those of us who are certain to get the death sentence should wait patiently for the day when this sentence would be pronounced, after which they will be hanged. Even that death will be beautiful, but to commit suicide, to put an end to one’s life, to escape some suffering — that is cowardice. I wish to tell you that it is hardship that makes a person complete.”

Rajguru, born on August 24, 1908, at Khed village, now renamed as Rajguru Nagar near Pune, was a jolly fellow and wanted to be ahead of Bhagat Singh in everything. He was angry at not being sent to Central Assembly for throwing the bomb. He walked from his village to Benares where he got admission in a Sanskrit school and joined the HRA. Bhagat Singh was supposed to shoot Scott in front of SSP office in Lahore, while Jai Gopal was to give a signal of the SSP coming out of the office. While Jai Gopal gave the signal mistaking Saunders for Scott, who was the Deputy SP, Rajguru impulsively shot Saunders, while Bhagat Singh could recognise that it was not Scott, and shouted to Chandrashekhar Azad that the person was not Scott. But before he could even complete the sentence, Rajguru had shot Saunders, which compelled Bhagat Singh to shoot too. At the gallows also, it was Rajguru who first got the rope put around his neck to be hanged.

With such tales of bravery, the three martyrs are a source of inspiration for one generation after another. Bhagat Singh had said: “Individuals can be crushed, but not the ideas, which have a longer life than individuals.” Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were crushed as individuals by the British rulers, but their ideas continue to spread fragrance.

Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh. File photo

Chandigarh, March 26

Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh on Friday sanctioned Rs 25 lakh each for the development of native villages of five soldiers from the state killed during the Galwan Valley clash last year.

Reviewing the various welfare measures for ex-servicemen, he said it was a humble effort on the part of the state government to undertake the development of the villages of the soldiers killed in the Galwan Valley clash.

According to an official statement, Amarinder sanctioned Rs 25 lakh each for the development of Seel village in Patiala district from where Naib Subedar Mandeep Singh of 3 Medium Regiment belonged, Bhojraj village in Gurdaspur of Naib Subedar Satnam Singh of 3 Medium Regiment, Birewal Dogra in Mansa of Sepoy Gurtej Singh, a Vir Chakra awardee of 3 Punjab, Tolewal village in Sangrur of Sepoy Gurbrinder Singh of 3 Punjab, and Mardanheri village in Patiala of Lance Naik Saleem Khan of 58 Engineer Regiment.

Apart from the total Rs 1.25 crore sanctioned for the development of these five villages, the chief minister also approved Rs 18 crore for the Punjab State War Heroes Memorial and Museum at Amritsar, the statement said.

The Indian Army has built a memorial for its 20 personnel who were killed while valiantly fighting Chinese troops in Galwan Valley in eastern Ladakh on June 15 last year.

In order to provide boarding and lodging facilities to ex-servicemen, war widows and their family members, Amarinder sanctioned Rs 4 crore for the construction of Sainik Rest Houses at Mansa and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar.

He also approved Rs 39.50 lakh for the construction of the Victory Tower and renovation of the War Memorial at Asafwala in Fazilka district.

This memorial was constructed to commemorate the gallantry deeds of the soldiers who laid down their lives during the 1971 Indo-Pak war in Fazilka sector. PTI

Youths and women attend the martyr day event at the Tikri border on Tuesday. PHOTO: SUMIT THARAN

Ravinder Saini

Tribune News Service

Jhajjar, March 23

A number of youths donning yellow turbans and women sporting “dupattas” today reached the Tikri and Singhu borders from Haryana and Punjab to pay tributes to martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.

They took a pledge of continuing the stir until the three farm laws were repealed. A “padyatra” by farmers and agricultural labourers joined the function in the honour of the martyrs at Tikri. Women wearing traditional Haryanvi attire and youths singing patriotic slogans added colour to the occasion.

“Shaheed Bhagat Singh had once said independence was incomplete till farmers and labourers did not get equal rights. Youth have jumped into the battle for the rights of farmers and labourers. No one can stop them from winning this battle,” said Jaspreet Singh from Sangrur.https://153ee501c99fb9dd742e54e1e594be87.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html

Inderjit Singh, vice-president, All-India Kisan Sabha, said: “It was a massive show of strength at Tikri. It not only boosted the morale of protesting farmers, but also strengthened the protest.”

Another farmer leader Virendra Hooda described today’s event as another “nail in the coffin of the Centre”.

Local farmers took out a “Tiranga Yatra” from Bahadurgarh to Tikri.

Meanwhile, a youth suffered bullet injuries in his leg when someone opened fire following a minor dispute during the yatra. He is at the PGIMS.

Women farmers protest at Rampura Phul. Tribune photo

Tribune News Service
Chandigarh, March 26

Women power came to the fore today during the ‘Bharat bandh’ call given by farmers under the aegis of the Samyukt Kisan Morcha to protest against the three farm laws. As a result, the protest sites saw a sea of “kesari” and green from “dupattas” worn by them.

Across all dharna sites, including the ones on the railway tracks, women came out in large numbers to give a fillip to the protests. At some places such as Bhaini Bagha in Bathinda, women protesters outnumbered male counterparts, and blocked roads by staging a dharna.

Why the trend

• Many women lost sons and husbands to suicide because of indebtedness
• Most male members left for protest sites at the Delhi border on March 23
• Many male members were busy making arrangements for wheat harvest

Even as the normal life in the state came to a grinding halt, women were seen leading the protests at many places, especially in the Malwa region.

In Jagraon, near Ludhiana, a number of women laid siege to the highway. In Mansa, women led a protest march in the city, while in Barnala, the maximum participation of women was seen at Dhanaula and Bhadaur protest sites.

Narinder Kaur Sohal, who led the protesting women in Moga, told The Tribune many women who had lost their sons and husbands to suicide because of rural indebtedness participated in huge numbers

“These women have suffered the ill effects of government policies, which are often made without checking the ground realities. They can sense what the farm laws can do to hit them economically. They are even inspiring other women from farm households to join the protest. That is why we are seeing a rapid increase in women protesters in the past one month,” she said.

Another reason for their good turnout was that most of the male members of the family had left for the protest sites at the Delhi border on March 23. Most are still camping and protesting at Singhu and Tikri borders, leaving the women and elderly here to join the protest here.

Amarjit Kaur, a retired lecturer, who was leading the protests at Barnala, said at each of the four protest sites in Barnala district, more than 1,000 women participated, as their men folk were in Delhi.

“The women are taking a lead role in protests across the state as the men folk and youngsters have been camping at the Delhi border,” she said.

Bhagat Singh’s father Kishan Singh visited drought-hit Vidarbha in 1898. He did not merely distribute relief material and return; he took around 50 orphaned children from Vidarbha with him. These children were of the farmers who, unable to deal with their desperate situation, had committed suicide. Kishan Singh started an orphanage at Ferozepur for these children. At that time, he was just 20 years old.

RELIVING HISTORY: The ideals of the martyrs find resonance in the ongoing agitation by the farmers against the farm laws. PTI

Sanjay Nahar

90th death anniversary of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru & Sukhdev

THIS incident dates back to 1898. The farmers in Vidarbha region were severely hit by a drought. When Sardar Kishan Singh came to know about this, he, along with Lala Bishambhar Sahay, Lala Shivram Vakil and other colleagues, reached Vidarbha. They had brought along foodgrains. Imagine the distance between Jalandhar in Punjab and Vidarbha region in Maharashtra, and that too nearly 125 years ago! However, Sardar Kishan Singh’s patriotism and his compassion for fellow farmers did not let him sit quiet. He did not merely distribute the relief material and return; he, in fact, took around 50 orphaned children from Vidarbha with him. These children were of the farmers who, unable to deal with their desperate situation, had committed suicide. Kishan Singh started an orphanage at Ferozepur for these children. At that time, Kishan Singh was just 20 years old. If you wonder who Sardar Kishan Singh was, well, he was the father of India’s great son Shaheed Bhagat Singh!

Bhagat Singh was born in such a patriotic family. He grew up seeing the life of farmers and the common people. No wonder, bringing about a change in the life of ordinary farmers was his idea of revolutionary work. Today is the 90th anniversary of the martyrdom of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev. Unfortunately, the issues facing the farmers are just the same even today. One is pained to say that the dreams of the revolutionaries who made the supreme sacrifice for creating a new India are still unfulfilled.

The current issue of the farmers is not limited to Punjab, Haryana and the Jat farmers of western Uttar Pradesh; farmers across India face similar issues. Today, the farmers have taken to the streets raising the slogan ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’, but the slogan echoes the feelings of farmers over a century ago. In 1907, the British had passed three Acts regarding agriculture. Bhagat Singh’s paternal uncle Ajit Singh had raised his voice against them by mobilising the farmers of Punjab. He addressed public meetings all over Punjab and had even invited Lala Lajpat Rai, a veteran Congress leader, to these meetings. Lala Banke Dayal had quit his job to join the agitation. He read out the poem ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’during this agitation. The poem had a description of the farmers’ issues and the injustice being meted out to them. The poem became the signature slogan of the agitation. It became so popular that the agitation itself came to be known by that name. The agitation grew so strong that the British government had to withdraw the Acts. Today, it is our own government. Yet, the agitation has been going on for the past almost four months. History is being repeated.

During my meetings and discussions with Shaheed Bhagat Singh’s colleagues, Durga Bhabhi and Virendra ji, and his brother Kultar Singh, the topic as to why Bhagat Singh who had received the Arya Samaj doctrine and who belonged to a religious family, became an atheist, came up often. In this context, I was told about an incident when some of Bhagat Singh’s fellow revolutionaries talked about the help his family, Sardar Ajit Singh and Sardar Kishan Singh, extended to the countrymen affected by droughts, floods, earthquakes and other natural calamities. They especially praised the act of adopting orphaned farmer children from Vidarbha. Bhagat Singh had said then, “It was our duty but we need to bring about a change in the system so that no farmer or labourer is forced to commit suicide ever!” It is clear from his words that his journey towards atheism had begun with the farmers’ agitation in Punjab.

Bhagat Singh asked himself some questions after witnessing the plight of farmers and the ordinary people. These questions led him to atheism. He asked himself, ‘If this world is created by the Almighty, why is it filled with destitution and sorrow?’ Next, he asked, ‘Why doesn’t He free the entire humanity and the workers from the slavery of capitalism?’ Bhagat Singh had unequivocally said that the real age of freedom would truly begin only when countless men and women came forward thinking about the farmers and ordinary people and when they would be thinking only about serving the mankind and nothing else.

“The farmers and labourers are the most important elements of society; however, they are exploited the most by society. They are even deprived of their basic rights. The farmers who produce food for everyone are forced to die in hunger. Artisans who weave cloth for others cannot buy enough clothes for their own children. Those who build huge mansions do not have even a simple house to live in. On the other hand, the capitalists who exploit them live a comfortable life,” he said. These thoughts of Bhagat Singh clearly show that he was moved by the plight of farmers and the ordinary people.

A couple of months before he was hanged, Bhagat Singh had written a letter, in which he had highlighted issues such as ‘End of landlord system’, ‘Loan waiver for the farmers’, ‘Nationalisation of lands in order to boost community farming’, ‘Home for everyone’, ‘Complete exemption to farmers from taxation’, ‘Nationalisation of industries’, ‘Education for everyone’, ‘Reduction in the working hours of the labourers’, etc. As a nation, we are still grappling with precisely the same issues.

In this backdrop, the irony of the current farmers’ agitation in Delhi is worth noting. The agitators and the government both are using Bhagat Singh’s photos! Rekindling faith in the minds of hardworking farmers so that they can lead a life of dignity would be a true tribute to martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.

An Army Gypsy on fire in Sriganganagar district. Tribune photo

Our Correspondent

Abohar, March 25

Three soldiers were burnt alive and five others injured when a Gypsy overturned and caught fire during a training exercise on the Raziasar-Chhatargarh road in Sriganganagar district early today.

The incident took place around 1 am “near Gopalsar during the night training task when unfortunately 3 fatalities were reported”, said Defence PRO Lt Col Amitabh Sharma.

A source said eight soldiers of Bathinda-based 47-AD Army unit were in the vehicle when the mishap occurred. Three charred bodies were found from the wreckage, while five injured soldiers were admitted to the government hospital in Suratgarh, from where they were shifted to the Military Hospital.

Lt Col Sharma said the incident occurred during a routine exercise when the soldiers were being given different tasks.

Raziasar police station in charge Vikram Tiwari said the mishap occurred near Burji (pillar) No. 330 of the Indira Gandhi Canal. The vehicle rammed into shrubs, hit a tree before overturning. A fire erupted giving occupants little chance to escape, said the sources.

The deceased have been identified as Subedar EV Nazar of Andhra Pradesh, Havildars Dev Kumar Bhattacharya of West Bengal and SK Shukla of Uttar Pradesh.

Those injured are Captain Ankit Vajpayee (34), soldiers SK Prajapati (35), Umesh Yadav (27) Ashok Ojha (28) and Bhanwer Lal Bablu (27). Three of them suffered grievous injuries.

Senior Army officers visited the scene and initiated a probe. The police said an accident case had been registered. The bodies were being taken by the Army to native places of the deceased for last rites.

(With agency inputs )

Bhagat Singh’s hideout : The old building at Turi Bazaar.

Our Correspondent

Ferozepur, March 22

Even six years after being notified as a ‘protected monument’, the state government has failed to make any concerted efforts for the development and preservation of the double-storey building that served as a hideout of the Krantikari Party led by legendary revolutionary Bhagat Singh.

After a prolonged legal battle by locals, the Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs had declared the building as a ‘protected monument’ on December 17, 2015. Thereafter, neither any step was taken to take over the building nor any funds were allocated for it.

Modi pays tributes to Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru on ‘Shaheed Diwas’

At present, the building is under the control of the Krishna Bhagti Satsung Trust. Nand Kishore Sharma, one of the trustees, said his grandfather Lahori Ram Shastri had met Bhagat Singh here several times. “I am ready to do anything for the construction of a museum in the building,” he said. Earlier, the district administration had served a notice on the occupants not to alter the structure or sell the premises.

In 2016, the then Deputy Commissioner DPS Kharbanda had mooted a proposal to relocate the shop on the ground floor and family occupying the first floor to another location for which an agreement was also drafted. However, the matter is still stuck.

During his visit three years ago, former Tourism and Cultural Affairs Minister Navjot Sidhu had also promised to provide Rs 15 lakh for the renovation of the building.

Opinion: The supreme martyrs

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev are a source of inspiration for one generation after another. Bhag…

“This building is no less than a pilgrimage centre for me. This was taken on rent by my father Dr Gaya Prashad under the fake name of Dr BS Nigam to run a pharmacy in 1928-29,” said Kranti Kumar Katiyar.

“While pharmacy was run on the ground floor, the first floor was used by the revolutionaries to make bombs and evolve strategy against the British rule,” said Rakesh Kumar, who has also authored several books on the monument.

Opinion: Rekindling the revolutionary spirit

When contacted, Deputy Commissioner Gurpal Singh Chahal said, “We will take up the matter with the higher authorities.” He said the state government was determined to develop all such memorials and efforts were being made for it.

NGOs ready to help

Certain NGOs have submitted proposals to the government, expressing their desire to make contribution for the restoration of the historical building. However, nothing has happened so far. Even the Sonalika Group had announced to contribute Rs10 lakh for the restoration of the martyr’s hideout.

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