In response to a call given by the Samyukt Kisan Morcha, activists of BKU (Ekta Ugrahan) today laid siege to a FCI godown in Malaud village.
BKU general secretary Sudagar Singh Ghudani said they wanted the government to withdraw the condition of producing jamabandi (of land) for the purchase of wheat. Stressing the need for purchase of all crops at MSP, farmers demanded that provisions be made for strict legal action against those purchasing wheat, paddy and other crops below decided prices.
They also urged the government to ensure all purchase centres, including FCI, remained operational and adequate funding be provided to all procurement agencies. — OC
Farmer unions protest outside FCI offices
Farmers protest outside the District Food and Civil Supplies Controller’s office in Amritsar. Vishal Kumar
Tribune News Service
Bathinda, April 5
Farmer unions staged protests outside FCI offices against new procurement norms and quality specification announced by the government in Bathinda and Mansa districts. Protesters also raised slogans against the central government for its move regarding the direct transfer of payment for procurement of crops into farmers’ bank accounts.
Scores of farmers, under the banner of Ugrahan, Sidhupur, Dakonda and Lakhowal factions of the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) and other organisations owing allegiance to Samyukt Kisan Morcha, particpated in the protest.
BKU (Sidhupur) general secretary Baldev Singh Sandoha said: “We strongly condemn the Centre’s new procurement norms. These will affect many farmers as a large quantity of wheat would not fall under the moisture content limits fixed by the government. They, therefore, would be coerced to sell it to private agencies on low rates. These are devious plans of the government that is trying to give reins of agriculture sector in the hand of private players. If the decision is not revoked, protests would be intensified in the coming days.”
BKU (Ugrahan) president Ram Singh Bhaini Bagha said: “With such moves, the Centre wants to weaken the government procurement agencies and end the public distribution system (PDS) and APMC mandis. This is being done to help private players enter the market to not only fix the prices as per their business interests, but also exploit the agriculture sector at the expense of farmers. If the decision with regard to DBT and revised procurement norms for wheat are not revoked, we will start the gherao of government procurement agencies’ officials in the coming days.”
Reiterating his full support to farmers and arhtiyas, Chief Minister Capt Amarinder Singh on Monday flayed the central government for “encroaching upon the rights of the states in its bid to dominate them” and castigated it over forcible imposition of the farm laws and the direct benefit transfer (DBT).
“States never faced such problems earlier,” he said, slamming the Centre for allegedly trying to destroy the existing relations and systems that have worked well for more than 100 years in the name of so-called reforms.
Punjab’s farmers and arhtiyas have age-old cordial ties, which the Centre was hell bent on damaging, he said, terming its tough posturing and ill-conceived decisions against the basic spirit of federalism. He said during his earlier tenure, he enjoyed the full confidence of Late PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Dr Manmohan Singh in all major policy decisions and development issues related to Punjab.
Centre not sincere
Had the Centre been sincere about finding a workable solution to the problem, it would have either consulted the Punjab Government or farmers. —Capt Amarinder Singh, CM
Virtually launching the two-day kisan mela organised by Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, the Chief Minister expressed his solidarity with the farmers against the farm laws and stressed the Centre should have taken them into confidence before their enactment.
The Chief Minister categorically said Punjab, which was initially not even a part of the deliberations on the agricultural reforms, was included in the high-powered committee only after he wrote to the Centre. Even after that, there was no mention of these laws at the committee’s meetings.
Pointing out that 144 farmers have died so far during the agitation, he said his government was giving Rs 5 lakh and a job to the next of kin of the deceased farmer, while the Centre continued to be insensitive.
On the growing problem of scarcity of surface as well as underground water, he urged the farmers to go for drip irrigation in a big way to save the state from becoming a desert in the near future. “The fast depleting water table is a major challenge for the state and the only solution is to get out of the paddy-wheat cycle to save this precious resource,” he said. He further stressed efforts should be made to adapt to horticultural crops which have a global market with chances of enormous profitability.
Demand payment to farmers through them, not DBT I Union leaders lend support
Arhtiyas and farm leaders during the ‘mandi bachao mahasammelan’ in Moga. Tribune Photo
Tribune News Service
Baghapurana (Moga), April 5
Up in arms against the Centre over the direct payment to farmers on purchase of foodgrain, arhtiyas in association with the farmer unions have decided to intensify their stir against the three farm laws.
Addressing the “mandi bachao mahasammelan” in Moga on Monday, arhtiyas’ association state president Vijay Kalra declared that the arhtiyas in Punjab would completely boycott the markets from April 10, if the balance of Rs 131 crore was not paid to them by the Food Corporation of India (FCI). “We won’t lift the wheat from the markets until the balance payment is cleared,” he said.
Labourers will lose jobs, govt revenue
There are four lakh laboures in the mandis. They will lose their jobs. The state government will lose mandi fee and rural development funds. It will impact the development in the rural areas. —Balbir Singh Rajewal , BKU (Rajewal) President
Keeping in view the agitation mood of farmers and arhtiyas, the Punjab Government has already deferred the wheat procurement from April 1 to April 10. A total of 130-lakh tonnes of wheat is expected to arrive in mandis, which is purchased at the minimum support price (MSP). The entire procurement is done through arhtiyas and in return they get 2.5 per cent commission.
Arhtiyas stand to lose a foothold as earlier farmers got money from them after deduction of loan amount. Arhtiyas feel if farmers get money directly into their accounts, they will have to visit them to get back the loan.
Lashing out at the FCI’s directive to farmers giving details of their land, Kalra urged peasants not to give jambandi (land registry) to any food procurement agency.
Association vice-president Amarjit Singh said it was practically impossible for the farmers to provide land records because nearly 50 per cent of them do contract farming on land owned by NRIs settled abroad. “The problem is that the online payment will go into the accounts of the original land holders and not the farmers,” he said.
Ruldu Singh Mansa state president of Punjab Kisan Union said that the bond between arhtiyas and the farmers was very strong. “The social and economic relationship between them is the basis of the very existence of the poor and marginal farmers; therefore, we cannot afford to lose it at any cost,” he said. Dr Satnam Singh Ajnala, president, Jamhuri Kisan Sabha; Paramjeet Kaur, leader, Mazdoor Mukti Morcha; Gurnam Singh Chaduni, president of BKU (Haryana); and Nirbhai Singh Dhudike, president, Kirti Kisan Union among others supported the arhtiyas’ demand.
After Delhi, Tikait threatens tractor agitation in Gujarat
Bharatiya Kisan Union leader Rakesh Tikait shows his passport outside the Gandhi Ashram in Ahmedabad. PTI
Ahmedabad, April 5
Bharatiya Kisan Union leader Rakesh Tikait on Monday threatened to start a farmers’ tractor agitation in Gujarat after Delhi, and said time has come to gherao the state capital Gandhinagar and also break barricades if needed.
Talking to reporters outside the Sabarmati Ashram here, Tikait claimed farmers in Gujarat were unhappy and suffering.
Hundreds of farmers have been camping at Delhi’s borders since November last year against the Centre’s three agriculture reform laws. They are demanding a repeal of the three laws along with a legal guarantee for Minimum Support Price (MSP) for their produce.
The protesting farmers took out a tractor rally in Delhi on January 26.
“Farmers will conduct an agitation in Gujarat using their tractors. Time has come to gherao Gandhinagar and block roads. If needed, we will have to break barricades too,” Tikait said.
The BKU leader is on a two-day tour of Gujarat since Sunday to campaign against the Centre’s three farm laws.
On the second day of his visit, Tikait, accompanied by former Gujarat Chief Minister Shankersinh Vaghela, paid tributes to Mahatma Gandhi at the Sabarmati Ashram.
“Farmers are suffering because there is no agitation here. There is no backing from courts also. Farmers are compelled to say they are happy and making profit. Please give us that technology which is helping Gujarat’s farmers to reap benefits,” said Tikait.
He claimed farmers of Banaskantha are compelled to sell potatoes for Rs 3 per kilogram.
Naxal ambush: Families of martyred personnel from Andhra to get Rs 30 lakh
Army personnel pay tribute to the troopers who were martyred in the Bijapur Naxalite incident in Jagdalpur police line. PTI photo
Naveen S Garewal Tribune News Service Hyderabad, April
Andhra Pradesh has announced a grant of Rs 30 lakh to the families of two state residents who died in the Naxal attack in Chhattisgarh. The state Chief Minister YS Jaganmohan Reddy announced financial assistance while expressing shock at the incident.
The two paramilitary personnel from Andhra Pradesh who were martyred in the attack are Rowthu Jagadish of Gajularega in Vizianagaram district and Sakhamuri Muralikrishna of Gudipudi in Guntur district. Both died in an exchange of fire with the Naxals while conducting a combing operation in the forest along the border of the Bijapur and Sukma districts of Chhattisgarh.
Meanwhile, both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana police have beefed up vigil and security in areas adjoining Chhattisgarh. Officials said that an alert had been sounded and combing operations have been intensified in the areas bordering Chhattisgarh.
The Telangana police have increased vigil particularly in Bhadradri Kothagudem and Mulugu districts. “We are alert and regular combing operations are going on and security has been beefed up in areas a senior police official said.
He said police had been carrying out checking, cordon and search operations as part of the measures taken to prevent Maoists from entering Telangana.
Must not keep eye on one aspect of relationship, says Chinese envoy
Sandeep Dikshit
Tribune News Service
New Delhi, April 5
A day after India insisted on disengagement and de-escalation from all the flash points in Eastern Ladakh as a pre-condition to improvement in bilateral ties, Chinese Ambassador to India Sun Weidong said both sides “must not keep our eyes only on one aspect of it”.
Sun wanted India and China to view bilateral relations from an “overall, long-term and strategic perspective” and did not want them to be bogged down by any specific incident or a short period of time. “This is not the way we should do,” he said in a virtual interaction with Sudheendra Kulkarni, aide of former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee, on Sunday.
India, on the other hand, is clear that the development of bilateral ties depends on maintenance of peace and tranquillity along the LAC. In his conversation with Wang Yi, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar had said disengagement and de-escalation must be the first steps towards restoring normalcy. “The disturbance of peace and tranquillity, including by violence, will inevitably have a damaging impact on the relationship,” he had told Wang on February 25.https://33a81a8bd10ffdc56cec2ab725ecbe64.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
Since then there has been no word from China on India’s proposal for holding a joint meeting of diplomats and army commanders to chart the way forward along the LAC.
The Chinese ambassador admitted there were difficulties on the border but did not point a way to the future. He merely said the recent disengagement of front line troops in Panging Tso area was conducive to building mutual trust and further easing the situation on the ground.
In the virtual interview, the Chinese envoy spoke on the common challenges facing both countries, which he identified as food security, employment and low per capita GDP. These require both countries to focus on development and concentrate on doing its own business well.
While China had huge production capacity and consumption potential, India is rich in human resources and has robust market demand. “We should jointly run in the marathon of development for good results. The key point is to manage differences through dialogue and consultation and find a peaceful solution,” he suggested. Cooperation in various fields should start from easier issues to gradually “accumulate conditions” for further improvement of bilateral relations.
Reiterating Beijing’s formulation, Sun said the political cornerstone of India-China ties should be to commit to the Modi-Xi consensus that the two countries are neither competitive rivals nor threats, but cooperation partners. Also, both need to manage differences through dialogues while respecting each other’s core interests and major concerns.
Beijing admonishes Indian media for violating ‘One China principle’ in news reports
aiwan President Tsai Ing-wen visits a victim of the deadly train derailment at a hospital in Hualien, Taiwan. Reuters
Tribune News Service
New Delhi, April 5
India and Taiwan engaged in a rather unusual exchange of condolences following untimely deaths in both countries but China has taken umbrage to the media commentary here around these exchanges.
India had first sent its condolences to the victims of a train crash in Taiwan which was acknowledged by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A couple of days later, Taiwan’s Foreign Office expressed its condolences on the loss of life and injuries in the Chhattisgarh ambush.
In a statement, the Chinese embassy took umbrage to an editorial, which “seriously violated One-China principle and provoked China’s bottom line disregarding long-standing position of the Indian government”.
Chinese Embassy spokesperson said all countries that have diplomatic relations with China should firmly honour their commitments to One-China policy, which is also Indian government’s official standing.
“The Taiwan question concerns China’s core interests. We firmly oppose any separatist activities to create the so-called “Taiwan independence,” “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan”.
“China firmly opposes any country having diplomatic ties with China making any form of official contact and exchanges with Taiwan. China’s red line on the Taiwan question cannot be challenged. On issues of right and wrong, there is no room for compromise,” said the spokesperson.
The embassy urged the relevant Indian media to take a correct stance on issues of core interests concerning China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, adhere to the One-China principle, and “avoid sending wrong messages to the public”.
How this Indian Army officer rescued Sheikh Hasina & family from Pakistan Army captors in 1971
Colonel Ashok Tara (Retd), then a 29-year-old Major, was tasked with rescuing Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s family from Pakistan Army at the end of 1971 war.
olonel Ashok Tara (Retd) at his residence in Noida | Suraj Singh Bisht | ThePrintText Size: A- A+
New Delhi: It was a day after the 13-day-long Bangladesh Liberation War had ended, but a group of Pakistani soldiers posted near the Dhaka airport hadn’t got wind of their army’s surrender to the Indian forces.
The soldiers — numbering around a dozen — were holding the family of Bangladesh liberation leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman hostage at their residence in Dhanmondi. Those held hostage included Rahman’s daughter, Sheikh Hasina, the current Prime Minister, and her son. https://3415fc66ecdb1c847bbf4b64da79e336.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
The soldiers reportedly had orders to wipe the family out. But those orders were never carried through.
A brave young officer of the Indian Army deployed to save the family had walked right up to the Pakistani soldiers, unarmed, and tackled the situation. With a gun pointed at him throughout, he thought on his feet. He told the soldiers the war was over, and reasoned with them.
It worked, and the family was released. The Pakistani soldiers, meanwhile, were carted off with the promise of safe return to the homeland.
Looking back at the episode 50 years later, Colonel Ashok Tara (Retd), then a Major aged 29, said he knew psychological warfare could help defeat an enemy.
Walking into that situation, another thing that helped him was a message his mother had instilled in him. “My mother had taught me that fear is a state of mind,” he said.
Tara’s role in rescuing Rahman’s family remains one of the most celebrated feats of the Bangladesh Liberation War. In the ensuing days, Rahman, who went on to lead the nation as President, requested a personal meeting with him, while his younger daughter, Sheikh Rehana, wrote letters to Tara.
In 2012, he was awarded the ‘Friend of Bangladesh’ honour by Sheikh Hasina. Five years later, he shared the stage with Hasina and PM Narendra Modi as part of a ceremony to honour 1971 war martyrs.
As India marks 50 years of the Bangladesh Liberation War, Tara, who was awarded the Vir Chakra for his role in the Battle of Gangasagar that took place in the initial days of the war, spoke to ThePrint about the events of that day.
When the 1971 war began, Tara was in his eighth year in the Army, having been commissioned into the 14 Guards in 1963. He had been honoured with the Vir Chakra days before the Dhanmondi incident.
When he was assigned the mission of rescuing the Rahman family, he reached the neighbourhood with two jawans. Around 100 metres from the house, he said, a large crowd warned him of the risk he faced.
“I was told that anyone going ahead would be killed by the Pakistani Army,” he told ThePrint. But he carried on.
“I handed over my weapon to the two jawans and asked them not to follow me. I started moving towards the building without a weapon,” he said.
On reaching the house, he added, he was warned by the Pakistani soldiers not to move any further or he would be fired upon. He informed them then that the Pakistan Army had surrendered a day before, but they didn’t believe him initially, Tara said.
“I told them that if you fire at me, you will all be killed. I also told them that the Pakistan Army, which has surrendered, will not be able to save them and asked them to imagine what would happen to their bodies and their families waiting in Pakistan,” he added.
The Pakistani soldiers kept telling Tara that they wanted to meet their leaders. Tara said he told them to surrender and promised them that, if they did, he would ensure they are eventually able to return to their families.
The negotiations, he added, continued for nearly 30 minutes. Throughout the entire time, a rifle was aimed at Tara. At one point, one of the Pakistani soldiers also opened a round of fire to scare the Indian Army officer, he said.
However, the negotiations yielded results. The Pakistani men saw reason and surrendered, he added.
When he subsequently opened the door to the house, the first person he met was Rahman’s wife Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib.
“She embraced me and told me that I am a godsend and like her son,” Tara said, adding that she told him to replace the Pakistani flag in the building with the new Bangladeshi one. “She shouted ‘Joy Bangla (Victory for Bengal)’ when it was done,” he said.
The Pakistani soldiers were taken to Tara’s car, where they changed into civil clothes so they would not be recognised by the Mukti Bahini — the resistance movement leading the fight for independence — and could be safely transported, “so as to keep my promise of ensuring they go back to Pakistan unharmed”.
Tara stayed on in Bangladesh for nearly a month, even as his unit moved to Mizoram, because Rahman wanted to meet him.
“When I met him on 12 January, I felt the pain in his talk. He spoke about how to heal the wounds of the people of Bangladesh, who went through atrocities at the hands of the Pakistan Army, and to regain their glory, dignity, language and economy,” he said.
After Tara left Dhaka later that month, he received two letters from Rehana. “I also wrote back to her but they never received my letters. I don’t know for what reasons,” he said.
There was no contact between him and the family for years afterwards. In the interim, almost the entire family — including Rahman and his wife, and Hasina’s brothers — was assassinated in their house during a coup in 1975. Hasina and Rehana survived because they were in Germany at the time.
When Hasina visited India years later, she tried to contact Tara. “But I missed meeting her again as I was out of station at the time,” he said.
They, however, managed to meet when Tara was honoured by Bangladesh.
‘Like brothers’
Tara retired from the Army in 1994.
Talking about the India-Bangladesh relationship, Tara said they were good during Rahman’s time. After his assassination, the newborn country was faced with political turmoil, he noted, but added that the relationship got better again under Hasina.
“India and Bangladesh are like two brothers. We have to look after each other’s interests,” he said. “If needed, India should compromise at times to maintain mutual trust and regard (with Bangladesh).”
epresentational image. | File photo of a training camp at the Indian Naval Academy. |
New Delhi: Warnings, ineligibility for promotions and awards, and ‘suitable’ administrative actions — the Indian Navy has set strict new penalties for its personnel, both male and female, if they fail to maintain a high level of fitness standards, top defence sources told ThePrint.
A 300-metre shuttle run in under 65 seconds, dive into swimming pool from a 5-metre-high platform, 1.5-km run within 13 minutes are some of the physical efficiency test (PET) parameters the Navy has set in its new and stringent guidelines.
PETs are conducted for naval officers and sailors routinely. However, under the new guidelines those who fail to clear PETs in specific time-frames will face strict action, the sources said.
Issued in February, the guidelines are set to come into effect from this month, according to the sources. The PET parameters are separate for male and female naval personnel.
ThePrint reached the Navy spokesperson via a text message for a comment on the move. This report will be updated when a response is received.
A senior Navy officer said the force had always been strict about the fitness standards maintained by its personnel, and they are connected to promotions. Guidelines to this effect are promulgated by the service from time to time, the officer said.
According to the guidelines, in case a naval officer or a sailor fails to qualify the PETs, they will be counselled by the commanding officer (CO) and the head of department, respectively. After this, they will undergo a mandatory retest.
If they fail to qualify the retest after 90 days, they will be issued a formal warning by the CO, a copy of which will be attached to their annual confidential report — which plays a key role in deciding on promotions.
In case they fail to pass the test even after 180 days, they would not be eligible for recommendation for awards, deputation, courses or even extension of service or re-employment, according to the guidelines.
They will also secure a negative weightage for sea-time selection (sea tenures) and their time-scale promotions will be withheld until they clear the test.
The personnel also won’t be eligible for accelerated promotion, or be recommended for awards. Moreover, they will be marked as non-eligible for volunteer courses and grant of re-engagement by units.
In case officers fail to qualify PETs even after 270 days, they will be issued show cause notices, three months after which “suitable administrative action” will be taken against them. Sailors will be penalised in a similar fashion.
Another senior Navy officer said a “suitable administrative action” in this context could also mean removal from service.
“Earlier, the physical fitness standards were maintained more at an individual’s level, but now they have been made more unit-oriented. For instance, the warning to be issued by COs after a certain time period… They have linked fixed durations of failure in PET to specific administrative actions,” the second officer said.
While warnings used to be issued earlier too, there were no specific time-frames with listed punitive actions against them.
The officer also said while fitness is maintained largely by most naval personnel, the move is aimed at a small percentage of personnel who were possibly not taking the PETs seriously.
The new guidelines say the PETs for both sailors and officers would be conducted every six months at command and fleet headquarters.
The existing PET standards have been revised in the new guidelines, making them more stringent with a reduced grade spectrum. The parameters are specific for age groups, and for men and women naval personnel.
For instance, a 300-metre shuttle run has been reintroduced as a new parameter for the PETs, which male personnel have to complete within 65 seconds, and women personnel below 30 years of age within 90 seconds.
Similarly, dives into swimming pools — from a height of 5m as against the earlier norm of 3m — have been made compulsory for all male personnel except those aged above 50. For female personnel, a 5-metre dive is compulsory for those below 45 years.
For females in the age group 45-50, a 1-km run has to be completed within 10 and a half minutes. For men in the same age group, a 1.5-km run has to be completed within 13 minutes.
Additionally, the Navy would also keep a tab on obese naval personnel. The guidelines also ask commands to conduct surprise tests of units under them to check the physical fitness of personnel.
All three military services have mandatory physical proficiency tests, which personnel have to qualify once a year.
Special Forces vets to attempt world records on land, air, water with people with disabilities
Man in wheelchair (centre) trains for scuba diving with CLAW | Photo by special arrangementText Size: A- A+
New Delhi: A group of veterans from India’s special forces’ have come together in an attempt to create three world records — on land, air and underwater — with people with disabilities.
The first attempt will be made in May this year on land when the team, led by former 9 Para officer Major Vivek Jacob, will climb the world’s highest battlefield, Siachen Glacier, with the largest team of people with disabilities (PWDs). The team, expected to be around 20 members strong, will include not just ex-servicemen but also serving soldiers and civilians
Following this, they plan to set a record for the largest team of PWDs doing accelerated free fall, in Dubai, and will later head to the Maldives where they will attempt scuba diving in the open sea.
“Special Forces is an instinct, a mindset. You don’t become special just because you have worn a particular uniform and carry a rifle. It is all about state of mind,” Major Jacob told ThePrint as he launched the participant campaign to select people with disabilities for the Siachen trek Saturday.
About the range of disabilities the group can take on, the Major said for the Siachen trek, the group won’t choose those with spinal cord injuries.
“There will be those who are blind or have lost their limbs. For scuba diving, we train even those with spinal cord injuries,” he said, showing a video of a man in a wheelchair doing scuba diving.
For the underwater activity, CLAW aims to create a team of 50 while for the accelerated free fall attempt, it wants a team of around 10 members.
Major Jacob set up the organisation of special forces’ veterans, called Conquer Land Air Water (CLAW).
“There are close to 12 crore people with one or the other kind of disabilities. But we don’t see them often because they live within the challenges of our society. The idea is to give every disabled person [the opportunity] to do something that they want to do,” Major Arun Ambathy, former 5 Para, told ThePrint.
Major Ambathy, CLAW co-founder, said a chance meeting with an IAF officer, paralysed from his waist down, that inspired them to set up CLAW.
“Major Jacob’s parachute malfunctioned during a combat skydive in 2015 and [he] suffered a spinal cord injury. In hospital, he met with IAF officer Fl Lt Bhaduria who was permanently paralysed after a freak accident and was on wheelchair for four years. The IAF officer asked Major Jacob once if he can ever scuba dive. The Major promised him that he can and it eventually led to the forming of CLAW,” he said.
The group has now started a scuba training centre for PWDs in Pondicherry. “It has given tremendous hope and healing power to many who have come. The idea is to spread it across,” Major Jacob said, adding that the organisation, which was launched in 2019, has trained more than 100 people with disabilities in four cities.
CLAW is also in the process of formally tying up with the Paraplegic Rehabilitation Centre (PRC) of the Army in Pune and Chandigarh for insititutionalised training.
“We have had serving soldiers with disabilities and veterans coming to us for training. But this was in their personal capacity. We are in the process of instutionalising this,” Major Jacob said, as he added that the idea is to see ability in disability.
