All posts by webadmin

India’s  Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) appears to be taking important steps towards the development of an airborne high-energy laser weapon system, signalling a significant advance in the country’s directed energy weapon ambitions.

India defence updatesRecent procurement activity indicates that DRDO has initiated development efforts focused on several critical subsystems required for an airborne laser platform. These include laser pod units, an airborne battery system and a gimballed pod designed to stabilise, track and accurately direct a laser beam towards aerial targets.

According to information highlighted in the infographic, a tender dated 5 October 2026 was issued for two laser pod units. A separate tender has also been floated for an airborne battery system, suggesting that energy storage and power management are among the key technological challenges being addressed as part of the project.

The proposed system is expected to employ a high-energy laser powered by advanced battery technology. Such a configuration would allow an aircraft to carry and operate a directed energy weapon without relying solely on onboard engine-generated power, while also supporting rapid energy delivery during engagement.

Another notable aspect of the project is the development of a gimballed pod. This mechanism would enable the laser beam to remain stabilised and precisely aimed even while the host aircraft performs manoeuvres at high speed. Maintaining beam quality and accuracy is considered one of the most demanding technical requirements for airborne laser systems.

The aircraft platform intended to carry the laser has not yet been publicly confirmed. This has fuelled speculation across  defence circles regarding whether the system could eventually be integrated with a fighter aircraft, a large surveillance platform, a transport aircraft or another specialised airborne asset. No official announcement has been made regarding the final host platform.

The emergence of these tenders comes as DRDO continues to expand its directed energy weapon portfolio. In recent years, India has demonstrated increasing progress in ground-based laser systems designed to neutralise drones, sensors and other aerial threats.

Airborne laser weapons represent a far more complex challenge because they require compact power sources, advanced cooling systems, precision tracking and efficient beam control within strict size and weight constraints.

Experts believe airborne lasers could eventually provide a highly responsive defensive capability against hostile drones, loitering munitions and, in the longer term, certain classes of incoming missiles. Unlike conventional interceptors, laser weapons engage targets at the speed of light and can potentially offer a significantly lower cost per engagement once operational.

The apparent focus on battery systems, power conversion equipment and beam-directing pods suggests that DRDO is presently concentrating on the enabling technologies required to make an airborne laser practical. Such systems must generate and manage substantial electrical power while simultaneously dissipating large amounts of heat generated during operation.

The project also reflects a broader global trend. Several major military powers are investing heavily in airborne directed energy weapons as part of future air-defence and self-protection architectures. Successful deployment of an operational airborne laser would place India among a select group of nations pursuing advanced airborne directed energy capabilities.

While many technical hurdles remain before such a weapon can enter service, the latest development activity indicates that foundational work is underway. The combination of laser pods, specialised battery systems and stabilised beam-control mechanisms points towards a structured effort to create an indigenous airborne laser capability capable of supporting future Indian military operations.

The expenditure of ECHS and RMEWF is met by the Central Government from the Consolidated Fund of India, the administration of which, under rules, requires beneficiaries to possess an Aadhaar number

he Ministry of Defence (MoD) has made Aadhaar-based authentication mandatory for veterans and their dependents to avail benefits under the Ex-servicemen Contributory Health Scheme (ECHS) and other welfare schemes of the Kendriya Sainik Board (KSB).

Two separate notifications issued earlier this month by the Department of Exservicemen Welfare in the MoD state that the use of Aadhaar number to establish identity will enable individuals to receive subsidies, benefits and services in a convenient and seamless manner, obviate the need for multiplicity of documents to establish identity, simplify processes and promotes transparency and efficiency.

Aadhaar credentials will now be required for grant of ECHS membership on retirement, availing ECHS facilities at polyclinics, service hospitals and empanelled Hospitals and for various other functions such as processing of claims related to ECHS beneficiaries, and also for availing financial assistance from the Raksha Mantri Ex-Servicemen Welfare Fund (RMEWF).

“An individual desirous of availing of the said benefit under the said scheme shall be required to undergo authentication, or furnish proof of possession of Aadhaar number,” the two notifications state. “In case such an individual has not been assigned an Aadhaar number, he shall be required to make an application for enrolment,” they add.

The expenditure of ECHS and RMEWF is met by the Central Government from the Consolidated Fund of India, the administration of which, under rules, requires beneficiaries to possess an Aadhaar number.

The documents also state that in accordance with the provisions of the Aadhaar (Enrolment and Update) Regulations, 2016, the KSB, which is part of the DESW, shall ensure enrolment of such beneficiaries who are yet to be enrolled, or update their Aadhaar details through appropriate measures, including coordination with registrars and setting up enrolment centres at convenient locations or providing enrolment facilities by becoming a registrar itself.

The notifications, however, make it clear that till the time fresh applicants are assigned an Aadhaar number, they can continue to avail the benefits by establishing their identity by presenting the specified valid documents to which they are entitled to. These include driving licence, passport, ration card, elector’s voter card, matriculation certificate and overseas citizen of India card.

The documents also explicitly state that benefits under the said schemes shall not be denied to a child in case of failure to establish his identity by undergoing authentication or to furnish proof of possession of Aadhaar number, or in case of production of an application for enrolment where he has not been assigned an Aadhaar number.

“The benefit under the said scheme shall be given to such a child by verifying his identity and establishing his relationship with his parent or legal guardian in the manner specified, and where benefit is given, a record shall be maintained in respect of the same, which shall be reviewed and audited periodically by the KSB,” it states.

Further, in order to ensure that bona fide beneficiaries who are aged eighteen years or more are not deprived of the benefit due to them under the said scheme, the KSB shall follow the exception handling mechanism as specified in the central government’s memorandum of the Direct Benefit Transfer Mission.

General Naravane was the Army chief at the time of the Galwan clash in eastern Ladakh in June 2020, which left 20 Indian soldiers dead, while China acknowledged the deaths of four of its soldiers

After Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) Director General Shatrujeet Kapur flagged face-offs with Chinese forces along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Arunachal Pradesh, saying they were still continuing, former Army Chief General Manoj M. Naravane (retd) said such face-offs were “not new” and had occurred in the past as well, given that the border between the two countries had not been formally demarcated.

General Naravane was the Army chief at the time of the Galwan clash in eastern Ladakh in June 2020, which left 20 Indian soldiers dead, while China acknowledged the deaths of four of its soldiers.

Speaking to The Tribune on the sidelines of the Kasauli Lit Fest in Kasauli (Solan), he said, “You see, we have to understand that the boundary between India and the Tibet region has never been formally demarcated or formally acknowledged by either side. And therefore, there are differences in perception about where the boundary actually lies. Because of these differences in perception, there are a few such areas that have been designated as sensitive or disputed areas, where both sides carry out patrolling up to their perceived lines of actual control.”

“So whenever such patrolling takes place, there are occasions when the patrols arrive simultaneously at a particular point, resulting in what is called a face-off. So these face-offs are nothing new. They have happened in the past, and there are established protocols to follow to prevent such face-offs from escalating into anything more serious. So we should not read too much into it,” he added.

After the Congress sought an explanation from Prime Minister Narendra Modi over the ITBP Director General’s video, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said on October 23 that the LAC was disturbed from time to time when the People’s Liberation Army “deviates from established patrolling patterns”.

However, the ITBP deleted its Director General’s video from its official YouTube channel.

The border skirmishes continued despite the most recent meeting between Prime Minister Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping, which took place on September 12 on the sidelines of the BRICS summit in New Delhi.

Asked about the ITBP deleting its Director General’s video on face-offs with Chinese forces, General Naravane said, “I’m now retired. It’s been four years since I retired. I have no idea what is happening on a day-to-day basis in the border area. So it’s not possible for me to comment on this.”

Asked about the Ministry of Defence (MoD) not clearing his memoir, Four Stars of Destiny, he said the question was off the table. “I have been asked too many times. I’ve answered it twice… Nothing new to add or delete.”

Leader of the Opposition Rahul Gandhi read out passages from General Naravane’s unpublished book in the Lok Sabha on February 2 and claimed that Prime Minister Modi had abdicated responsibility during the 2020 Ladakh crisis and abandoned his Army chief.

Boundary talks and Galwan clash

Asked what should be the practical measure of success in boundary talks between India and China—an agreed framework, the resolution of specific disputed areas, or a final boundary settlement—General Naravane said, “You know, this boundary is nebulous; that’s why we call it a boundary. The border is very finely demarcated. There are boundary pillars on the ground, and they’re ratified as part of a bilateral agreement. None of this has happened as far as the LAC is concerned. So that is why these talks are very important. Delimitation is the first step. There’s delimitation, then there’s delineation, and then there’s demarcation. So delimitation is, you know, a conceptual framework on which the next steps are taken.”

He added, “But while all this is happening, it does not mean that we can lower our guard. I’m sure the boys today are also doing as good a job as ever.”

Asked whether the Galwan clash demonstrated that China had ruled out a military solution to the boundary dispute, he said, “See, we have always been against the unilateral use of force to alter the status quo, and that is what we demonstrated: it will not work. Now it is there for them to draw the correct lessons from it.”

Asked about the single most important operational lesson from Galwan that India had yet to fully implement, General Naravane said, “We always learn lessons all the time. Whenever you do something, there are positives. There are ways in which it could have been done better. That is a continuous process. So we cannot say it is learned and done and dealt with… You always try to improve and improve and improve, and I’m certain that those in key positions today, wherever they are, are doing their best to be able to meet all possible future challenges.”

Asked whether, in hindsight, there was any decision he would have taken differently during the Galwan situation, he said, “Not really. Whatever you do, you know, is the best in the given circumstances, and at the end of the day, the result was in our favour. So, I think all is well that ends well.”

Air Chief Marshal AP Singh, Chief of the Air Staff, IAF, on Sunday spoke about the pending military reform of creating geographically carved out ‘theatre commands’, saying dividing IAF ‘fighter assets’ was not an option under the proposed structure.

The IAF Chief, who is set to retire on October 31, said India needs a structure built around its own specific security requirements rather than replicating foreign models. “We are not viewing theaterisation as an exercise to permanently divide fighter assets geographically. The IAF is fully committed to jointness and integration,” he said, outlining the IAF’s vision for the project in an interview to PTI.

“The guiding principle for theaterisation should be centralised control where necessary and decentralised execution where appropriate,” he added. AP Singh noted that the question that needed to be answered was how to employ air power to its greatest effect within an integrated structure. He argued that air power’s defining strengths were speed, reach, flexibility and ability to concentrate combat power rapidly at the point of decision.

“An aircraft is not relevant only to the geographical area from which it operates. With aerial refuelling, long-range weapons, networked sensors and appropriate basing, air power can be massed from considerable distances and shifted between sectors as the threat evolves,” said Singh.

“The guiding principle should, therefore, be centralised control where necessary and decentralised execution where appropriate. That way, air power can be concentrated where it is needed most, while commanders retain the agility to act swiftly on the ground,” added Singh.

Referring to Operation Sindoor, Air Chief Marshal Singh said it was carried out under a joint architecture established by the Chief of Defence Staff and the three service chiefs where the centralised allocation and swift reallocation of critical assets proved decisive.

“Our own experience bears this out. During Operation Sindoor, under a joint architecture established by the Chief of Defence Staff and the three service chiefs, the centralised allocation and timely reallocation of critical resources proved decisive in the outcome,” he said.

As per the theaterisation plan, each of the theatre commands will have units of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force and all of them will work as a single entity looking after security challenges in a specified geographical territory.

Former Chief of Defence Staff Gen Anil Chauhan (retd) had submitted a comprehensive proposal on the theaterisation plan to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.Announced in 2019 as India’s most ambitious military reform since Independence, the theaterisation plan seeks to integrate the three services for greater operational synergy.

Sonowal, who is on a 4-day visit to Busan, interacted with Indian professionals working in the country’s shipbuilding sector

India is seeking to emerge as one of the world’s top five shipbuilding nations by 2047, with the government stepping up efforts to attract international partnerships, strengthen maritime manufacturing and develop a globally competitive skilled workforce. Against this backdrop, Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal pitched India’s growing maritime opportunities to Korean industry leaders and professionals.

Sonowal, who is on a four-day visit to Busan, a major hub of South Korea’s maritime industry, interacted with Indian professionals working in the country’s shipbuilding sector, which included professionals associated with Samsung Heavy Industries, Hanwha Ocean, HD Hyundai, DNV and the Indian Register of Shipping.

“Your presence in Korea, at the heart of one of the world’s most advanced shipbuilding ecosystems, is a matter of pride for India,” Sonowal said.

He urged the professionals to view the VOYAGES framework, adopted in April during South Korean President Lee Jae Myung’s state visit to India, as more than a government-level agreement, describing it as an opportunity to advance their careers while contributing to India’s maritime ambitions.

The framework provides for cooperation between the two countries in shipbuilding, shipping and maritime logistics.

“I want you to see VOYAGES not merely as a government framework, but as a platform for your professional growth and for India’s maritime future,” the minister said.

Sonowal said India, under the country’s Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, aims to establish itself as a globally competitive centre for shipbuilding, ship repair, maritime manufacturing and logistics. The Union Cabinet approved a series of policy incentives for the sector in September 2025 to support these ambitions.

Highlighting the need to build domestic capabilities, the minister said India would require a larger pool of shipbuilders, marine engineers, naval architects, designers, welders, project managers and technology specialists to expand its shipbuilding ecosystem.

He encouraged Indian professionals working in South Korea to bring their expertise back to India or support Indian companies from abroad, while leveraging their professional networks to strengthen industrial cooperation between the two countries.

“You can serve as living bridges between your networks in both countries,” Sonowal said.

He also urged them to mentor young Indian professionals and contribute to initiatives such as the India Ship Technology Centre and the shipbuilding skills partnership between India and the Korea International Cooperation Agency.

During the interaction, Sonowal sought practical recommendations on improving shipyard productivity and project execution, developing a globally competitive skilled workforce, and deepening bilateral cooperation in technology, manufacturing and innovation.

“We are looking for partnership with Korea in shipbuilding, shipping, ports and maritime logistics,” he said.

The minister’s visit will include meetings with leaders of major global shipbuilding companies, maritime industry bodies, think tanks and research institutions to explore avenues for greater cooperation.

Sonowal is also scheduled to participate in a ministerial roundtable in Busan to mark World Maritime Day. Representatives at the ministerial level from major maritime nations, along with the secretary-general of the International Maritime Organization, are expected to attend.

Fifteen candidates of Punjabi origin have won seats in British Columbia’s provincial election, 12 of them Conservatives and three NDP, according to preliminary tallies by Punjabi community outlets Babushahi and Punjab News Express.

The wins came on the back of a Conservative sweep of Surrey, which has one of the largest Punjabi communities outside India. “A blue wave has officially engulfed Surrey and White Rock,” the Surrey Now-Leader reported, noting that all 10 of Surrey’s ridings went Conservative.

Mandeep Dhaliwal retained Surrey North, a seat he won in 2024 by defeating NDP minister Rachna Singh. Harj Dhaliwal won Surrey-Newton, defeating NDP incumbent Jessie Sunner. According to the Surrey Now-Leader, his victory ended “many years of NDP control of the riding”.

Garry Purewal won Surrey-Fleetwood, unseating NDP incumbent Jagrup Brar, who was born in Bathinda district and had held the seat since 2004. Garry Thind won Surrey-Guildford defeating NDP incumbent Garry Begg, a week after also winning a school trustee seat in Surrey’s civic election. Zeeshan Wahla took Surrey City Centre from the NDP’s Amna Shah in a close contest, and Jessy Sahota won Surrey-Serpentine River.

Babushahi and Punjab News Express also list Harman Bhangu, Jody Toor, Steve Kooner, Monica Mohan, Pavneet Singh and Deep Sandhu among the Conservative winners. They name Raj Chouhan, Niki Sharma and Rohini Arora as the three NDP winners. Canadian mainstream outlets have not yet confirmed these nine names.

This was the provincial general election for the 93-seat BC Legislative Assembly, held on October 24. NDP Premier David Eby called it more than two years early. The Globe and Mail reported that with over 99 per cent of polls counted, the Conservatives had won 64 seats, the NDP 27 and the Greens two.

According to CBC News, it is the Conservatives’ first majority government since 1928, and Premier-designate Lorne Doerkson said, “BC is definitely blue.” Eby resigned as NDP leader, and CTV News reported him saying, “I accept full responsibility.”

Final counts are expected in early November, and the seat tally and the Punjabi-origin figure could change.

List of 15 Punjabi-origin winners

Conservative Party of British Columbia — 12

1. Mandeep Singh Dhaliwal — Surrey North

2. Dr Harjit Taliwal — Surrey-Newton

3. Jessy Sahota — Delta

4. Garry Thind — Surrey-Guildford

5. Zeeshan Wahla — Surrey City Centre

6. Harman Bhangu — Langley-Abbotsford

7. Jody Toor — Langley-Willowbrook

8. Steve Kooner — Richmond-Queensborough

9. Garry Purewal — Surrey-Fleetwood

10. Monica Mohan — Delta North

11. Pavneet Singh — Kelowna-Lake Country-Coldstream

12. Deep Sandhu — Vancouver-Fraserview

New Democratic Party (NDP) — 3

13. Raj Chouhan — Burnaby-New Westminster

14. Niki Sharma — Vancouver-Hastings

15. Rohini “Reah” Arora — Burnaby East

10th Military Literature Festival: 3-day event to be held in Chandigarh from Nov 13-15

Indian Army doctrine released, puts AI, drones at Centre of future wars

Army officers to be trained in use of AI; drone operations to be mandatory skill

India looking at quick induction of drones, counter-drone systems

ITBP Chief Says Ongoing China Face-Offs Continue Along Arunachal Pradesh Border as Shaurya Commandos Boost Readiness

India-China border situation disturbed when Chinese troops deviate from patrolling patterns: MEA

Beijing’s patrol deviations behind face-offs, says MEA

CRPF plans to reintroduce Lance Naik, Naik ranks three decades after abolishing them

India-China face-offs still on in Arunachal: ITBP chief makes first official confirmation

Retired Lt Col’s grandson killed in hit-and-run: Rights panel seeks report from Moga SSP

Retired army colonel shoots himself at Jaipur house

Sainik School, Kunjpura, cadets clear NDA exam

BrahMos upgrade to make missile smaller, lighter for integration with Tejas jets

India slams Pakistan at UN over treatment of minorities, says Islamabad has no standing to lecture New Delhi

Iran-Israel conflict, Russia-Ukraine war among prominent topics; Punjab Governor Gulab Chand Kataria, J-K CM Omar Abdullah, astronaut and Group Captain Shubanshu Shukla among speakers

Vijay Mohan

The 10^th edition of the Military Literature Festival (MLF) is scheduled to be held in Chandigarh from November 13 to 15, with the Iran-Israel conflict and the relevance of the Russia-Ukraine war to the Indian subcontinent among the prominent topics to be deliberated upon by experts.

The event will be inaugurated by Punjab Governor and Chandigarh Administrator Gulab Chand Kataria, while the keynote address will be delivered by Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah. Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann will preside over the closing ceremony.

Group Captain Shubanshu Shukla, the first Indian astronaut to stay aboard the International Space Station, will deliver a talk titled “From Fighter Cockpit to Space Craft: India’s New Frontier in Air and Space Power”. A special session on space warfare has also been scheduled.

Other themes for the MLF include the way forward in Jammu and Kashmir, the turbulent world order and its impact on India, geopolitical instability and the energy crisis, the defence manufacturing ecosystem, the significance of strategic straits, martial history and legendary warriors.

Apart from panel discussions, documentaries on the Indian military, films on real-life war heroes, weapons displays, military paintings and philately, and interactions with gallantry awardees will be other highlights of the three-day event.

The MLF is an annual event organised by the Punjab Government and the Army’s Western Command in collaboration with the Chandigarh Administration to honour and commemorate the bravery and sacrifices of Indian soldiers and provide a common platform for experts to deliberate on contemporary military, security and geopolitical issues.

It also gives citizens and students an opportunity to gain insights into military matters and martial heritage. Northwestern India, especially the plains of Punjab, has borne the brunt of ruthless invasions since time immemorial and bears testimony to countless sacrifices, valour, tales of heroism and resilience.

Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh during the launch of Land Warfare Doctrine 2026 on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee Edition 2026 of Blue Helmet Odyssey at the Indian Army Commanders’ Conference, in New Delhi on Friday. Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) General Dhiraj Seth, MoS for Defence Sanjay Seth, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General NS Raja Subramani and Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh are also present. ANI

The Army’s new doctrine that was released today outlines a roadmap for preparing for future conflicts. It includes specialised training for officers in use of AI as a tool in decision-making and adopting ‘drone operations’ as a skill for the entire force of 1.2 million.

The doctrine highlights the use of advanced technology, drones, artificial intelligence and precision targeting, sources said.

The Army is progressing in training initiatives, including a five-year roadmap for multi-domain operations training. “It will be buttressed with a three-level AI skill development programme for officers and a new philosophy to make drone operations a secondary skill across the force,” the sources added.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh today released the Land Warfare Doctrine 2026 at the concluding day of the Army’s premier decision-making forum, the biannual Army Commanders’ Conference here.

The sources said the doctrine reflected the changing character of warfare, drawing lessons from contemporary conflicts, including Operation Sindoor, where unmanned systems, persistent surveillance, contested communications and information warfare have emerged as critical factors on the battlefield.

A doctrine is the fundamental set of principles and guidelines that armed forces use to guide their actions. The one released today is aligned with ‘Defence Forces Vision 2047’ and emphasises jointness among the armed forces, integration of capabilities across multiple domains and the continued centrality of land power in achieving decisive military and political outcomes.

A key focus is on Atmanirbharta (self-reliance), with emphasis on recognising the importance of indigenous defence capabilities, national infrastructure and coordination with institutions beyond the military in future wars.

The doctrine says the Army will lay emphasis on empowering the soldiers and use a mix of manned-unmanned systems as enablers for future conflicts. The doctrine also mentions the need for a resilient supply of logistics – arms, ammunition, vehicles, food and water for the troops. The Army envisages operating effectively in technologically contested environments, where the enemy may jam or disrupt communication links.

Commanders on the ground have been given the freedom to be flexible in their operational approaches based on threats, terrain and mission requirements.

The revised doctrine signals the Indian Army’s efforts to transform into a future-ready, technology-enabled and adaptable force, capable of fighting and winning wars across the full spectrum of conflict.

The three-day Army Commanders’ Conference, chaired by Army Chief General Dhiraj Seth, opened on October 21.

Discussions at the conference covered cross-domain security issues, inter-service synergy, and digital transformation within defence infrastructure.

New Doctrine released on Friday outlines the changes

Indian Army’s new doctrine released on Friday outlines a roadmap for preparing for future conflicts. It includes specialised training for officers in use of AI as a tool in decision-making and adopting ‘drone operations’ as a skill for the entire force of 1.2 million.

The doctrine characterises the use of advanced technology, drones, artificial intelligence and precision-targeting, sources said.

The Army is progressing training initiatives, including a five-year roadmap for multi-domain operations training. “It will be buttressed with a three-level AI skill development programme for officers and a new philosophy to make drone operations a secondary skill across the force,” sources said.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh released the Army’s Land Warfare Doctrine 2026 at the concluding day of the Army’s premier decision-making forum, the biannual Army Commanders’ Conference here.

Sources said the doctrine reflects the changing character of warfare, drawing lessons from contemporary conflicts, including Operation Sindoor, where unmanned systems, persistent surveillance, contested communications and information warfare have emerged as critical factors on the battlefield.

A doctrine isthe fundamental set of principles and guidelines which the armed forces use to guide their actions. The one released today is aligned with ‘Defence Forces Vision 2047’ and emphasises jointness among the armed forces, integration of capabilities across multiple domains and the continued centrality of land power in achieving decisive military and political outcomes.

A key focus is on self-reliance that lays stress on recognising the importance of indigenous defence capabilities, national infrastructure and coordination with institutions beyond the military in future wars.

The doctrine says the Army will lay emphasis on empowering the soldiers and use a mix of manned-unmanned systems as enablers for future conflicts. The doctrine also mentions the need for a resilient supply of logistics – arms and ammunition, and vehicles, food and water for the troops. The Army visualises the need to operate effectively even in technologically contested environments, meaning the systems need to operate even in areas where enemy can jam or tinker with communication links.

Commanders on ground have been given freedom to be flexible in their operational approaches based on threats, terrain and mission requirements.

The revised doctrine signals the Army’s efforts to transform into a future-ready, technology-enabled and adaptable force, capable of fighting and winning wars across the full spectrum of conflict.

The three-day Army Commanders’ conference chaired by Army chief General Dhiraj Seth opened on October 21.

Discussions at the conference covered cross-domain security issues, inter-service synergy, and digital transformation within defence infrastructure.