Months after the suspension of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan, the Centre has given environmental clearance for the strategically important 1,856-MW Sawalkot hydroelectric project on the Chenab in Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Stalled for nearly four decades due to forest clearance and rehabilitation issues, the project is one of India’s largest hydropower schemes in the Chenab basin and a key part of the government’s push to fully utilise its share of western river waters under the 1960 treaty. The Centre had suspended the IWT following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack.

The run-of-the-river project will be built by the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) in two stages at an estimated cost of Rs 31,380 crore. It will be using the Chenab waters in Ramban, Reasi and Udhampur districts. It envisages the construction of a 192.5-metre-high roller-compacted gravity dam, an upstream short water conductor system to transport water from a high-elevation source and an underground powerhouse where main components such as machine hall, turbines and generators will be built. It will be designed to generate about 7,534 million units of electricity annually.

Once commissioned, the project will be the largest hydropower project in the UT. Besides adding to the region’s power supply, it will enhance India’s ability to manage and store the Chenab’s waters, a right allowed under the IWT but rarely exercised fully due to engineering challenges and diplomatic sensitivities with Pakistan.

The project proposal was earlier considered by the Union Environment Ministry in 2016 and 2017, but it could not materialise due to various reasons. A memorandum of understanding for the project was signed on January 3, 2021, between the Jammu and Kashmir Power Development Corporation and the NHPC.

The project requires 1,401.350 hectares of land, of which 847.17 hectares is forest areas and 554.18 hectares non-forest. “A total of 13 villages and about 1,500 families from Ramban and Gool Sangaldan tehsils of Ramban district will be affected due to land acquisition,” as per the minutes of the meeting of the Environment Ministry’s expert appraisal committee.

The NHPC has proposed a detailed rehabilitation and resettlement plan, offering housing, livelihood support and skill development to the affected families.

No national park or wildlife sanctuary is located within 10-km radius of the project and the nearest protected area, Kishtwar High-Altitude National Park, is 62.8 km away.

Under the IWT, the three eastern rivers–Ravi, Beas and Sutlej–were allocated to India for its exclusive use. The three western rivers–Indus, Jhelum and Chenab–were reserved for Pakistan, though India retains limited rights to use their waters for non-consumptive purposes, such as run-of-the-river hydropower generation, navigation and fisheries.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Afghanistan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi during a ceremony to hand over five ambulances to Kabul as India’s goodwill gesture in New Delhi on Friday. ANI

Delhi gifts 20 ambulances, will build health facilities, restart work on infrastructure

ndia on Friday announced the upgrade of its technical mission in Kabul to a full-fledged embassy and decided to restart infrastructure and development projects in Afghanistan even as New Delhi appreciated the Taliban regime for showing sensitivity towards its security concerns.

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar made the announcements during his wide-ranging talks with Afghanistan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi, who is on a six-day visit to India.

Muttaqi said Afghanistan would not allow any elements to use its territory against New Delhi’s interests and identified the Daesh terror group (ISIS) as the main challenge for the region. As the two sides discussed counter-terrorism, Muttaqi said Kabul had been at the frontline of this struggle, his statement coming hours after Pakistan allegedly carried out two strikes inside Afghanistan.

At a media briefing, Muttaqi confirmed Pakistan’s role in the strikes, but clarified that these occurred near the border. In a post on X, former US envoy to Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad expressed concern over the alleged Pakistan strikes in Kabul, terming these as a “huge escalation that posed dangerous risks”.

Jaishankar took up the issue of both countries being endangered by the “shared threat of cross-border terrorism”. He sought to coordinate efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. “We appreciate your sensitivity towards India’s security concerns. Your solidarity with us in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terrorist attack was noteworthy,” Jaishankar told Muttaqi.

The minister craftily referred to Afghanistan as “contiguous neighbour”, indicating the border of original Jammu Kashmir shared with Afghanistan.

Muttaqi’s visit is the first by any Taliban minister to India since the August 2021 change of regime in Kabul. Even since, New Delhi has been insisting that Afghanistan’s soil must not be used for any terrorist activities against any country.

A joint statement after the talks stated that “India would further deepen its engagement in development projects, particularly healthcare, infrastructure and capacity-building”.

“Pleased to announce the upgrade of India’s technical mission in Kabul to the status of embassy,” Jaishankar told Muttaqi during the talks. New Delhi had closed its embassy immediately after the Taliban returned to power. The operations resumed with a “technical team” being stationed in Kabul in 2022. In April this year, a new visa module was implemented and a greater number of visas were being issued in medical, business and student categories.

Before the return of the Taliban, India had invested almost $3 billion in projects across Afghanistan. The joint statement listed new projects, including the establishment of a thalassemia centre, a modern diagnostic centre and replacement of a heating system at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health in Kabul. Additionally, India will construct a 30-bed hospital in Kabul’s Bagrami district, an oncology centre and a trauma centre in Kabul, and five maternity health clinics in the provinces of Paktika, Khost and Paktia. New Delhi will also continue to extend medical assistance and provide high-quality healthcare treatment to Afghan nationals.

Jaishankar also announced a gift of 20 ambulances, five of which were handed over personally to the Afghan delegation. India will also provide MRI and CT scan machines to Afghan hospitals and deliver vaccines for immunisation and cancer medicines. India also offered to reconstruct houses in areas affected by the recent earthquake at Kunar and Nangarhar. A foodgrain consignment would be delivered in Kabul today, the minister assured.

India Afghanistan would also be looking to cooperating on water management and irrigation. This is vital as several rivers originating in Afghanistan are the tributaries of the Indus, which is Pakistan’s main river.

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Lt Col Avinash Gupta of the Army Service Corps was found guilty of having illicit relations with a woman and financial fraud.

A General Courts Martial (GCM) in Fatehgarh of Uttar Pradesh Saturday found a Lieutenant Colonel guilty of illicit relations with a woman and financial fraud. It sentenced him to two years of rigorous imprisonment and cashiering (dishonourable discharge) from service.

Lt Col Avinash Gupta of the Army Service Corps (ASC), attached to the Rajput Regimental Centre (RRC), Fatehgarh, was ordered to be tried on several charges under the Army Act by General Officer Commanding (GOC) Lucknow Sub Area. Col Abhishek Gupta was the presiding officer of the GCM.

Lt Col Gupta has been found guilty of four charges. The first three charges were under Section2(f) of the Army Act pertaining to fraudulent transactions, and the fourth charge pertained to ‘unbecoming conduct’ under Section 45, for sharing ‘illicit’ relations with a woman.

Lt Col Gupta had served in the 5001 ASC Battalion at Hisar in 2013 and 2014. On September 14, 2020, while serving with the 57 NCC Battalion, UP, he booked railway tickets for his journey from Lucknow to New Delhi and back, using two 40 per cent concession vouchers issued in his name in 2013, while he was serving at Hisar.

Furthermore, according to the counterfoils of the two vouchers, the journey details specified were from Hisar to Lucknow and back. The officer projected a theory of conspiracy in his court martial to falsely implicate him, by his commanding officer of the 57 NCC Battalion.

However, because the counterfoils of concession vouchers bore the signatures of the officer, over the stamp of 5001 ASC Battalion as the issuing authority, and other circumstances of the case, the GCM found him guilty of both charges.

Falsely claiming house rent allowance

The third charge pertained to fraudulently claiming house rent allowance (HRA) for Delhi, a Class ‘X’ city. His family, comprising his wife and daughter, was staying in Lucknow, a Class ‘Y’ City. His son was at Rashtriya Military School Bengaluru/National Defence Academy (NDA) during the check period.

The officer’s defence was that his mother, who was dependent on him, was staying in Delhi, and his family also resided there. However, considering that ‘mother’ is not included as dependent for selected plea of residence (SPR) and the evidence of his wife, a former Air Force officer, who deposed against him and testified that that she and the daughter stayed in Lucknow, and their visits to Delhi were only as a visitor for three-four days, the court found him guilty of the charge.

The HRA amount of a Class ‘X’ city (Delhi) is higher than that of a Class ‘Y’ city (Lucknow), which the officer had fraudulently claimed.

The fourth charge was under Section 45 of the Army Act, for ‘unbecoming conduct’ for sharing an illicit relationship with a woman, who, as per the evidence of the neighbours, maid and another worker, was staying in his single officer accommodation.

The proceedings had started based on a complaint made by his wife, who had found the woman living in his accommodation. The officer had also transferred the gas connection of the woman to his official

Some medical treatment records from Air Force Hospital, Kanpur, were also produced, which reflected the name of the officer’s wife, who gave evidence at the court martial, stating that she had never visited the hospital.

Additionally, a dependent card was issued by his previous unit, which reflected the accused’s rank as Colonel, although he was a Lieutenant Colonel, and bore the name of his wife. However, the photograph pasted was of the other woman.

The officer’s defence was that the woman was his friend and that she used to visit him regularly. However, considering the evidence that revealed the officer and the woman were behaving in a manner consistent with that of a couple, along with other circumstances of the case, the court martial found him guilty.

The findings and sentence have been announced, subject to confirmation by the convening authority of the court martial.

सेना प्रमुख जनरल उपेंद्र द्विवेदी के भूगोल वाले बयान पर बोली पाकिस्तान की सेना

भारत के सेना प्रमुख जनरल उपेंद्र द्विवेदी की ओर से ‘ऑपरेशन सिंदूर’ के बारे में दिए गए ताज़ा बयान के बाद पाकिस्तान ने कहा है कि ‘पड़ोसी देश का सुरक्षा प्रतिष्ठान आक्रामकता के लिए बहाने ढूंढ रहा है.’

बीबीसी उर्दू के मुताबिक़ पाकिस्तानी सेना के इंटर सर्विस पब्लिक रिलेशन्स (आईएसपीआर) ने अपने बयान में भारत के रक्षा मंत्री, सेना प्रमुख और वायुसेना प्रमुख के बयानों का हवाला देते हुए कहा है कि जहां तक पाकिस्तान को “नक़्शे से मिटाने की मंशा” है तो भारत ये साफ़ तौर पर जान ले कि “अगर ऐसे हालात आए तो दोनों तरफ़ नुक़सान होगा.”

भारत के सेना प्रमुख जनरल उपेंद्र द्विवेदी ने शुक्रवार को राजस्थान में कहा था कि अगर पाकिस्तान को इतिहास और भूगोल में रहना है तो उसे ‘राज्य प्रायोजित आतंकवाद’ को रोकना होगा.

इससे पहले रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह ने सर क्रीक मामले में और वायुसेना प्रमुख अमर प्रीत सिंह ने भारत-पाकिस्तान सैन्य संघर्ष के बारे में बयान दिया था.

The indigenous system developed by BEL, uses AI-driven technologies suited for future combat systems, enabling scalability and upgradability as threats evolve

he Army has green-lit the procurement of a specialised, dedicated grid of radars and sensors that will detect and track enemy drones, while automatically providing the ground commander the best options to neutralise the threat.

Options for shooting down a drone can be via a lethal shot or by sending a powerful radio-wave to disable it.In military parlance, it’s called the ‘counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) grid system’ and it ensures complete airspace security against aerial threats.

To ensure speedy induction, the project has been approved under the fast-track procurement (FTP) route, with rollout to all field formations targeted within the next one year, sources said.

The Army will procure an indigenous system named ‘Saksham’, produced by the public sector company Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). This system is intended to secure airspace up to 10,000 feet above the ground. The need for a comprehensive counter-UAS grid became especially clear during Operation Sindoor, when hostile drone activity demanded swift detection and a coordinated response.

The ‘Saksham’ system is conceived as a high-end command and control system and will operate over Army’s own secure data network.

It will provide an integrated picture to all formations in real time within a defined battle area. It will integrate own and enemy UAVs data to offer automated decision-support and real-time visualisation for field commanders.

It uses AI-driven technologies suited for future combat systems, enabling scalability and upgradability as threats evolve. Once operational, ‘Saksham’ will serve as the backbone of the Indian Army’s counter-UAS grid, giving commanders a unified view of both ground and aerial threats. It will enhance decision-making speed, ensure rapid engagement and secure control over airspace to protect troops, infrastructure and assets on the ground from aerial incursions.

With future wars to be fought, not just on land but also in the air directly above it, the new approach ensures that the airspace immediately above the land-forces remains under watch and control, allowing unrestricted movement for own assets while detecting, tracking, and neutralising hostile drones or aircraft.

With future wars to be fought not just on land but also in the air, the new approach ensures that airspace above the land-forces remains under watch and control, allowing unrestricted movement for own assets while detecting, tracking and neutralising hostile drones or aircraft.

The induction is aligned with the Indian Army’s Decade of Transformation (2023-2032).

Key capabilities

Real-time generation of a picture of enemy drones.

Integration of weapons and sensors for synchronised response.

AI-enabled threat analysis for predictive identification and faster decision-making.

Seamless interoperability with other airspace management systems of the Indian Army.

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Shadow of Op Sindoor should not be allowed to loom large over the playing field

Julio Ribeiro

EXACTLY five months ago, India and Pakistan agreed on a ceasefire, bringing to a surprisingly quick end their nearly four-day-long war. India announced the ‘suspension’ of Operation Sindoor, indicating that it could be resumed if Pakistan failed to mend its ways. Subsequently, several political and military leaders have reiterated this tough stand.

The operation was conceived and executed with precision by our defence forces, especially the Indian Air Force (IAF), in retaliation to the Pahalgam terror attack. Citizens of the country have all along been supportive of our Prime Minister’s leadership and his quick reaction. Adventurism of the cowardly kind that underlines terror strikes require such measured responses.

Op Sindoor achieved its main objective of hitting terror sites in Pakistan. The perpetrators and sponsors of terrorism got a strong message that there was a price to pay for their actions. Prudence and good sense dictate that India should avoid sabre-rattling and also resist the temptation of becoming complacent. However, recent statements by our defence top brass and the PM’s remark equating Op Sindoor with India’s win over Pakistan in the Asia Cup cricket final are signs of attempts to politicise our defence services as well as sports. This is a regrettable trend.

Senior officers of the armed forces are not known to brag repeatedly on news channels. They prefer their achievements to speak for themselves. These feats are widely reported in the print and electronic media. The people of India are visibly proud of their troops. When military leaders are called upon to drive home a point repeatedly during TV talk shows and press conferences, the law of diminishing returns threatens to play spoilsport.

Politicisation of sports is, to a great extent, even worse. The Olympic movement was started in ancient Greece to bring together warring states — Athens, Sparta and their neighbours such as Macedon and Crete — in opposition to the expanding Persian Empire. Instead of Greeks shedding each other’s blood in wars to prove one state’s superiority over the other, sports competitions were organised to promote unity.

I admit that this analogy may not be apt for our perennial conflict with Pakistan. But what is certain is that even in the worst of times, Indian and Pakistani cricketers have maintained their personal friendships. Their battle on the cricket field never extended beyond the boundary. Indian cricketer-turned-politician Navjot Singh Sidhu was present when former captain Imran Khan was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2018. It was Imran who had invited Sidhu to attend the oath-taking ceremony.

A story narrated by a friend merits a recall. A Pakistani fast bowler had decided to keep his distance from then Indian captain Sourav Ganguly as he felt that the latter was a snob. One day, both happened to be in a hotel lounge after a match. Ganguly got up and poured himself a cup of tea. He poured a second cup, walked up to the bowler and offered it to him. The Pakistani player was left bewildered. He had misjudged the Indian and he told this to the great batsman himself. Friendship took centre stage.

Indian and Pakistani cricketers have shared such friendships off the field for decades. The cordial interaction between Ravi Shastri and Wasim Akram in the commentary box sums up this phenomenon.

Cricket is as much a passion in Pakistan as it is in India. Victory in an India-Pakistan match may not match a triumph on the battlefield, but the sporting rivalry has never spilled over to the dressing room or elsewhere. That is set to change now. Sporting culture will be compromised. Beyond that, basic human values will go for a toss with the refusal to shake hands.

The instructions to our cricketers to avoid a handshake with their Pakistani rivals before or after a match have set a wrong precedent. This decision must have been taken by our political leadership and communicated through the BCCI to the captains of our men’s and women’s teams — Suryakumar Yadav and Harmanpreet Kaur.

This gesture conveyed a message to the public in India and Pakistan that we are enemies in all aspects. That is unfortunate. The crime of unleashing terrorism and killing civilians is condemnable and unpardonable. The Army and the political rulers of Pakistan have resorted to this cowardly option because they are weaker, both militarily and economically. Pakistan’s leadership has condemned its country to the status of a pariah in the comity of nations. It is essential for the Pakistani people to open their eyes to this truth. Cricketers not shaking hands is bound to have an effect to the contrary.

It is necessary for our political leadership to assess the impact of politicising sports and exposing our top defence officers to the media glare. I doubt if world leaders will let such moves pass without scrutiny. It does not concern them, so they may not comment. But they will think poorly of us. Our refusal to shake hands must not have gone down well particularly with cricket-playing countries such as England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, West Indies, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

Our leadership should review its instructions to sports bodies because sports needs to be isolated from politics.

Two countries also sign arrangement on mutual submarine rescue support and cooperation

India and Australia today discussed a new roadmap for mutual maritime security collaboration aimed at deepening cooperation to ensure a “free, open and resilient Indo-Pacific”.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, who is on a two-day visit to Australia (October 9-10), held a bilateral meeting with Australia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles in Canberra.

A joint statement issued after the meeting said, “The ministers affirmed the importance of maintaining a free, open, peaceful, stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific.”

The statement added that both sides reaffirmed strong support for freedom of navigation and overflight, unimpeded trade and other lawful uses of the sea in accordance with international law, particularly the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

The phrase “free and open Indo-Pacific” is often used as a euphemism for countering Chinese assertiveness in the region, particularly in the South China Sea. India and Australia are part of the four-nation Quad grouping along with the US and Japan. The four nations are scheduled to conduct a joint military exercise next month at Guam, a US base in the Western Pacific.

The two sides also discussed a joint maritime security collaboration roadmap to advance maritime cooperation and looked forward to renewing the 2009 Joint Declaration on Defence and Security Cooperation.

The expansion of the bilateral defence architecture will include the institution of an annual Defence Ministers’ Dialogue. Both sides also agreed to pursue defence collaboration in emerging technologies through the Joint Working Group on Defence Industry, Research and Materiel, the statement said.

India and Australia also signed an arrangement on mutual submarine rescue support and cooperation. The two countries already collaborate on maritime domain awareness and anti-submarine warfare operations, including coordinated patrols by their P-8I maritime patrol aircraft in the Indian Ocean.

They also agreed to continue aircraft deployments from each other’s territories to build operational familiarity.

The ministers welcomed Australia’s first defence trade mission to India from October 7 to 10, focused on connecting Australian firms with Indian counterparts, particularly in the C5ISR domain — command, control, communications, computers, cyber-defence, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.

Defence and security cooperation has emerged as one of the strongest pillars of the bilateral partnership. Over the past decade, the number of annual defence exercises, meetings and activities has tripled, with 33 such engagements held in 2024 alone.

Earlier in the day, Singh was welcomed at the Australian Parliament House, where he also witnessed parliamentary proceedings in Canberra.

He also met Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Foreign Minister Penny Wong, broadly focusing on imparting more dynamism to the relations.

Pakistan strikes against Afghanistan are huge escalation, says US ex-envoy Khalilzad

One or more loud explosions were heard late on Thursday evening in the Afghan capital of Kabul, according to the Taliban administration and eyewitnesses.

It was not immediately clear what caused the blast.

Zabihullah Mujahid, the spokesman for the Taliban administration, said in a statement that an explosion had been heard and an investigation was underway. He added that so far no reports of casualties or damage had been received. Witnesses, including a Reuters witness, said they heard at least two explosions at around 9:50pm local time.

Meanwhile, former US envoy Zalmay Khalilzad expressed concern over the alleged “strikes carried out by Pakistan in Kabul” terming it as a “huge escalation”, which poses dangerous risks.

In a post on X on Friday, Khalilzad called for dialogue between Islamabad and Kabul, stating that military escalation is not the answer. He said negotiations should take place between Kabul and Islamabad to deal with the terrorist sanctuaries on both sides of the Durand Line.

“Today’s Pakistani strikes against Afghanistan’s capital are a huge escalation and pose dangerous risks. In recent days, Taliban operatives have been active in Pakistan attacking ISIS and killing a number of its leaders. The Pakistanis have been recklessly backing ISIS operatives against Afghanistan and their own Baluch nationalist insurgency.  The Afghans, in turn, have been permissive towards the TTP, the Pakistani Taliban. Military escalation between #Pakistan and #Afghanistan is not the answer. It is unlikely to work and will increase death and destruction in both countries. There is an alternative with better prospects: negotiations between Kabul and Islamabad to deal with the terrorist sanctuaries on both sides of the Durand line.”

Late on Thursday evening, a spokesperson of Afghanistan, Zabihullah, said that an explosion was heard in Kabul; however, no reports of damage have emerged so far, and investigations are underway.

“The sound of an explosion was heard in the city of Kabul. However, no one should worry, it is all well and good, the investigation of the incident is underway, no report of any damage has been given so far. The sound of an explosion was heard in Kabul. The investigation is underway, no report of any damage has been given so far, it is all well and good.”

On October 10, Dawn reported that Pakistan’s Defence Minister Khawaja Asif told the National Assembly, that “collateral damage” cannot be ruled out in response if Pak security forces come under attack and added that “enough is enough”.

The escalation by Pakistan comes amid the backdrop of Afghanistan’s acting foreign minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrived in New Delhi on Thursday on a week-long visit to India.

Muttaqi October 9-16 visit, marks the first high-level delegation from Kabul to New Delhi since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in August 2021.

This is the second Taliban government in Afghanistan since 1996.

ANI, Reuters inputs

So far, annual cap is set at 65,000 visas, with an additional 20,000 reserved for individuals with a US master’s degree or higher

The Donald Trump administration is moving forward with plans to significantly overhaul the H-1B visa programme, aiming to impose stricter rules on how employers can use the visa and who qualifies for it.

Beyond the proposed $100,000 mandatory filing fee, new immigration restrictions are also being considered.The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has listed a proposed rule in its regulatory agenda titled “Reforming the H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Classification Program.” The proposal includes a range of changes, such as:

Reviewing eligibility for cap exemptions Increased scrutiny of employers who have violated programme rules

Tighter regulations on third-party placements

Enhanced oversight and compliance mechanisms

According to the DHS, these reforms aim to “improve the integrity of the H-1B program and better protect US workers’ wages and working conditions.”

The proposed rule is expected to be published in December 2025, as per the Federal Register.

Earlier reports indicated the Trump administration is also considering replacing the current H-1B lottery system with a wage-based selection process, favoring higher-paid roles to ensure that only top-tier foreign talent is prioritised.

Why H-1B visa is important

The H-1B visa, established under the 1990 Immigration Act, allows US employers to temporarily hire highly skilled foreign workers in specialty occupations, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. It serves as a key pathway for skilled professionals—especially from India—to work and eventually seek permanent residency in the US

The annual cap is set at 65,000 visas, with an additional 20,000 reserved for individuals with a U.S. master’s degree or higher. These are typically distributed through a lottery system, although certain employers such as universities and nonprofits are exempt from the cap.

According to the Pew Research Center, nearly 75 per cent of H-1B approvals in 2023 were granted to Indian nationals. Since 2012, at least 60 per cent of all approved H-1B applications have been for computer-related occupations. However, the visa is also widely used by sectors like healthcare, finance and academia.

Despite criticism of the programme, research shows that H-1B workers often earn equal or higher wages compared to their American counterparts with similar qualifications. US law mandates that employers must pay H-1B workers the higher of either the actual wage paid to comparable US workers or the prevailing wage in the occupation, in addition to paying government fees exceeding $6,000 in many cases.

If the proposed changes go into effect, they could significantly impact thousands of Indian students and professionals seeking to work in the US.