In 70s (could be in later years also), Arty Centre had an Adventure Cell.
YOs had a 3-4 days camp, near lake near Harihar Fort. We had ours in Oct 1973 or so.
Apart from usual adventures, trek to Harihar Fort is certainly most memorable and nerve tingling.
Not many civilians those days were into these activities.
Layout inside is a Tacticians Dream, including water storage. Every grain and material had to be taken on top by single line physical effort.
Last steps to Fort is a sharp Right Angled turn, with nothing in between the two steps, but abyss into oblivion below. *AND* one has to negotiate that twice, going up and down. In times of conflict, one man on higher steps could push multiple attackers into abyss below.
Is known to be a part of valiant Maratha Kingdom under Shivaji, especially during difficult times.
Govt’s intention behind Article 370 nullification can’t be questioned: SC
The Supreme Court today said the nullification of Article 370 of the Constitution could be challenged only on the ground of constitutional violations, and not on the intention or wisdom of the Centre or Parliament in taking the decision.
“You want judicial review to assess the intention of the government to abrogate Article 370? Judicial review will be for the constitutional violation… There is no doubt that if there is such a violation, this court will intervene. But are you asking us to judicially review the wisdom underlying the decision to abrogate Article 370?” a five-judge Constitution Bench led by CJI DY Chandrachud asked senior counsel Dushyant Dave, who represented one of the petitioners challenging nullification of the controversial provision.
Dave said the nullification was a political move promised by the BJP in its manifesto.
“The abrogation is a complete fraud on the Constitution. In the BJP manifesto, they had promised abrogation, and this court had ruled that these manifestos cannot be against the constitutional scheme and spirit. Now because you have a majority in Parliament, you have done this and it is all because you told people to vote for you and you will abrogate it. This shows power exercised for colourable considerations. The President is not a rubber stamp; the majority does not speak, it’s not a constituent power,” Dave argued.
As Dave said Article 370 could not have been repealed using Article 370(3), Justice Kaul responded, “It exists in the Constitution… there is no repeal. Now as it stands, all provisions of the Constitution will apply to J&K.”
The Bench said the argument that Article 370 had become permanent after the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly ceased to exist in 1957 was contradicted by the practice of issuing Constitution Orders modifying the constitution in relation to J&K. As Dave termed the Constitution Orders as a “wrong practice”, the CJI said, “We are talking of practice of 64 years!”
JKLF leader Yasin Malik’s wife included in Pakistan caretaker PM’s cabinet
Pakistan’s caretaker Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar has included Mishaal Hussain Malik, wife of jailed terrorist and Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) chief Yasin Malik, in his cabinet, Reuters reported. Yasin Malik was convicted by National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in terror funding cases and sentenced to life imprisonment on May 25, 2022.
Mishaal Hussain Malik has been appointed as Pakistan’s Minister for Human Rights, Reuters reported.
Pakistan’s former central bank chief Shamshad Akhtar has been appointed Finance Minister in the interim cabinet. Former provincial minister Sarfaraz Bugti has been named Interior Minister. Pakistan President Arif Alvi on Thursday administered oath to members of newly appointed caretaker PM Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar’s cabinet. Sixteen federal ministers took oath and Pakistan’s interim PM has also appointed three advisers, Dawn reported citing a list of cabinet members issued by the Presidency.
It said the other federal ministers are–Jalil Abbas Jilani, Lt General (R) Anwar Ali Hyder, Murtaza Solangi Sami Saeed, Shahid Ashraf Tarar, Ahmad Irfan Aslam, Muhammad Ali, Gohar Ejaz, Umar Saif, Nadeem Jan, Khalil George, Aneeq Ahmad, Jamal Shah and Madad Ali Sindhi.
Advisors to Pakistan Caretaker PM include Air Marshal (R) Farhat Hussain Khan, Ahad Khan Cheema and Waqar Masood Khan, the report said.
Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar, a Senator and Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) leader, was sworn in as Pakistan’s interim PM on August 14. Pakistan President administered the oath to the leader in the presence of outgoing Pakistan PM Shehbaz Sharif and his former cabinet ministers.
JKLF was banned in India in 2019. On July 15 this year, Rubaiya Sayeed, the sister of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) president Mehbooba Mufti and daughter of former Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed identified Malik in connection with her kidnapping on December 8, 1989.
Unscientific constructions in the ecologically fragile Himalayas, depleting forest cover and structures near streams blocking the flow of water are causing frequent landslides in Himachal Pradesh, say experts.
Extensive cutting of hill slopes for construction and widening of roads, blasting for tunnels, and hydro projects are the main reasons behind increase in slides, said geological expert Prof Virender Singh Dhar.
Dhar further said that vertical cutting of mountains for road construction has been witnessed in Himachal with just 5-10 feet retaining walls.
According to experts, slopes in Himachal have become highly vulnerable to landslides due to cutting of rocks at the foothills and the lack of proper drainage system, and high intensity rainfall is making the things worse for the state.
The rain intensity has increased and high temperatures coupled with heavy rains lead to landslides due to loosening of the strata in places which have undergone cutting downstream on the foothills, Scientist (climate change) Suresh Attre had earlier said.
Himachal Pradesh receives about 730 mm of rains on an average during the whole monsoon season from June to September, but according to the Met department the state has received 742 mm rainfall this year till date.
As per the state emergency operation centre, Himachal witnessed 113 landslides in 55 days since the onset of monsoon. The Public Works Department (PWD) has suffered a loss of Rs 2,491 crore and the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) about 1,000 crore, officials told PTI.
According to data compiled by the disaster management department, an alarming six-time increase had been witnessed in incidents of major landslides in 2022 which saw 117 major landslides as compared to 16 in 2020.
There are 17,120 landslide-prone sites in the state out of which 675 are near critical infrastructure and habitations, according to the data.
The maximum of such prioritized sites are in Chamba (133) followed by Mandi (110), Kangra (102), Lahaul and Spiti (91), Una (63), Kullu (55), Shimla (50), Solan (44), Bilaspur (37), Sirmaur (21) and Kinnaur (15).
The increased human activity and exploitation of natural resources for development pose a serious threat to ecology which is on the threshold of peril, said a former bureaucrat.
The major active landslides/sinking sites in the state included Jhandota and Kakroti villages, and Sapdoth Panchayat in Chamba; Mcleodganj Hill and Bariara village in Kangra; Baridhar to Kalyan Ghati Road; Mansar near Salogra; Jabalpatwar village in Solan; and Kotrupi, Doada Hanogi, and Mile 5, 6 and 7 near Pandoh and Nagani village in Mandi district.
The other sites include Urni Dhank, Batsari, Nesang, Purbani Julha in Kinnaur besides Nigulsari, where 28 persons were killed and 13 were injured in a major landslide on August 11, 2021.
Ten such sites have been identified in Shimla district: Krishna Nagar, Halog, Bangla colony, Totu, Baldiyan, Mehali-Malyana road, Nerva Rest House, Patti Dhank, Niyani, Dharali, Kool Khad, Browni khad and Ladanala, Kotighat and Jiskon, Rohru-Chirgaon-Dodra Kwar road.
As per the Landslide Atlas of India prepared by the National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, all 12 districts of Himachal are susceptible to landslides.
The landslide exposure analysis of the mountainous areas covering 147 districts in 17 states put Himachal’s Mandi district at 16th place, followed by Hamirpur at 25, Bilaspur at 30, Chamba (32), Solan (37), Kinnaur (46), Kullu (57) Shimla (61), Kangra (62), Una (70), Sirmaur (88) and Lahaul and Spiti (126) in socio-economic parameter risk exposure map.
NHAI Regional Officer in Himachal Pradesh Abdul Basit said rains had saturated the mountains and cloudburst and landslide have caused extensive damage to roads.
The most affected stretches include Shimla-Kalka, Shimla-Matour, Manali-Chandigarh and Mandi-Pathankot, he said.
Slides and road cave-ins have also been witnessed where there was no rock cutting, he said, adding tunnel is the only solution to ensure uninterrupted connectivity. Sixty-eight tunnels have been proposed for Himachal Pradesh, out of which 11 have been constructed, 27 are under construction and 30 are in the stage of preparation of a detailed project report.
VEDIO SILENT ON Tax deduction . Rs 20-60000/- per month deducted per month and nothin free even has to apy for house rent,mess deuction.LIC,DSOP balance approx Rs 70000-125000 goes to bank
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