Safety measures for defense and safeguard of artillery and people were the key points for the construction of any fort and Indian forts were beautifully developed by ruling emperors minding these points. The panelists highlighted these points during Medieval Military Architecture – Forts of India, discussion held here at venue B on the first day of Military Literature Festival 2019. The panelists also discussed the role of forts in the history and development of the nation and asserted that forts have very special role in shaping our present. Documentary films were also showcased during discussion to make the people aware of the features of Kumbhalgarh fort and Daultabad fort.Renowned historian Amita Baig also highlighted the role of nature in the construction of fort in the region. She said that the forts in India were built with nature which is missing in today’s architecture. She added that the medieval techniques for the construction of forts were incorporated with both military and civil engineering as all the natural factors were used for the protection of the fort. She added that the architecture seems to be war with nature and the trend should be reversed.Ms. Baig also highlighted the attachment of Indian people with the forts in the way of religious sentiments as she shared a story of local people while the renovation of Qila Mubarak. She said that when the renovation process started in Qila Mubarak, the locals appealed the team to allow their access to the ‘Jot’ of Baba Ala Singh.

While inaugurating the discussion, moderator Professor Pushpesh Pant said that the first Indian fort was constructed in 2000 BC by the small armies. He added that every region had its specialty of constructing forts and main things like secure place, far visibility, appropriate defense mechanism, availability of water and land to be used in tough times.Meanwhile, Lt Gen DDS Sandhu elaborated the design of forts from the angle of military architecture and said that most of the Northern forts were constructed facing North to avoid the harsh effects of rain. He added that the emperors also put the dead bodies of people to give strong foundation as Khilji also put around 8,000 heads under the Siri fort.Lt Gen Sandhu added that the existence of natural water resource and land for agricultural were also the prime requirements for the construction of a fort at any place. He said that the diversion of water channel by the Mughals forced the Sikhs to urge Guru Gobind Singh to vacate the Anandgarh fort at Anandpur Sahib as they also blocked the supply of ration.Theatre artiste GS Channi also emphasized the need of the hour to preserve the culture and history of India lying in these forts. He added that there are miles long python like ramparts of the Kumbhalgarh fort which are believed to be second after Great Wall of China. He said that there is another believes that only a mosquito could reach in the fort without the permission of the then authorities as top kisses the clouds along with other defense techniques.

Eminent experts today took part in a brainstorming session on Understanding the Message of Balakot here in the ongoing Military Literature Festival at the Lake club.Air Chief Marshall (Retd) BS Dhanoa, Squadron Leader (Retd.) Sameer Joshi, Defence Experts Mr Praveen Sahni and Ms Kristine Fair had detailed deliberations on the issue.  Air Chief Marshall (Retd) BS Dhanoa, Squadron Leader (Retd.) Sameer Joshi and Defence Expert Mr Praveen Sahni opined that the strike which was first of its kind non military preventive action in country’s history in last 47 years. They said that Pilots of the Indian Airforce were fully trained and ready to esnure no slip ups during the operation to destroy the terror camps. They said that Message of Balakot action was clear that any attempt to shelter or train militants against India would be dealt with sternly.They said that the operation was not to kill all and destroy all but was aimed for destroying terrorism training camps in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). They said that IAF conducted spice 2000 strike in Balakot and validated in live combat. They said that as a country Pakistan proved was habitual of misrepresenting the facts but India answered them that wherever they would go India would take them head on with its marvellous Indian Air Force.In her address Ms Kristine Fair said that lessons of the strike must be empirically studied on the basis facts. She said that certain claims being made by either sides were far from real and need to be studied deeply.Air Marshall (Retd) KK Nohwar acted as moderator of the session.

On being asked what should be the method of declassification, Sood said we need not follow the US model.

He argued that papers can be declassified after 40 or 50 years. However bright the civil services may be, they cannot have domain experts like cyber. We need to catch people early, take the example of Army. We need persons who can join after school. Gokhale said the book gives details of the times of the 1960’s and 1970’s when it was just Pakistan and China and there was no such thing as cyber or terrorism.

On political leadership understanding the work of spies, Sood reminded that in 1977 when Indira Gandhi lost elections, the new Prime Minister (Morarji Desai) had his own ideas on intelligence. Recruitment to RAW was stopped till 1983. The best arrangement is when intelligence chief has direct access to the Prime Minister. Gokhale said Kao and Gandhi had good relationship. Unnithan asked Gokhale if things attitudes within the agency which frowned after B Raman (former senior RAW official) wrote his book Kao boys of RAW.

Mumbai, December 14

Stating that threats to national security are becoming more and more complex, Army Chief General Bipin Rawat on Saturday advocated a “leaner and meaner force” which can secure quick victories.

Delivering the inaugural Manohar Parrikar Memorial Lecture here, Rawat also said that India’s response to terror attacks in Uri and Pulwama was much more “robust” compared to “inaction” after the 2008 Mumbai terror attack.

“Threats are becoming complex day by day, and it is important that we adopt a ‘whole of nation’ approach,and every citizen must be involved in national security,” he said.

National security was no longer the domain of security forces alone, he said.

“Weapon systems have become lethal. You have to look at getting victory in short time if you don’t want your people to suffer maximum damage.

“To achieve victory in shorter time, we need leaner and meaner force which will inflict maximum damage on the adversary in a faster time frame and achieve objective of victory,” Gen Rawat said.

“Political objectives can also be met before international pressures come on to you to go in for ceasefire,” he added.

The country’s defence forces have transitioned from “balancing to leveraging power”, he said, pointing out that the response to Uri and Pulwama terror attacks was “significantly robust as against our inaction after 26/11 (Mumbai terror attack)”.

“In recent times we have proved that for far too long we were punching far below our weight,” he said.

At the same time, “there is need to temper military ambitions with the size of our economy and budgetary allocations,” he cautioned.

Maintenance of “strategic balance” is our key priority, he said, adding that strategic foreign policy objectives are being achieved “with smart levering of military pressure points often without a shot being fired”.

“We will continue to act and not react,” the Army chief said, referring to responses to provocations on the border with Pakistan.

“Space for all-out conflict is narrowing,” he said, adding, “Preparedness brings deterrence. Being prepared doesn’t mean you invite war.”

“We should have the largest army in terms of technology innovation,” he further said.

Batting for a holistic approach, he said “all three services will have to integrate along with the national resources if you have to win victory through quick combat”. — PTI

Book by former IAF Officer today advocated a sustainable campaign for augmenting the technological power of the Indian Air Force (IAF) to maintain its edge over the People’s Liberation Air Force (PLAF) of China. During discussion on the book ‘The Chinese Air Threat’ authored by Group Captain (Retd) Ravinder Chatwal at the ongoing Military Literature Festival at Lake Club, in which former Fighter Pilot Sameer Joshi also took part, it was opined that the Chinese had started  flexing their muscles in air power after the Gulf war. It was told that the Chinese were helped by the various experts from the former Soviet Union. They said that Chinese had effectively laid thrust on churning out large number of fourth generation aircraft that was effective for combatting US Air Force or any other technologically advanced country.It was opined that though there was a general notion that Chinese had huge Air Force and Army but as a fact of matter PLAF was not ten feet tall for India. It was told that though China have got 1700 aircraft but most of their airfields were on Russian or eastern coast side due to which it was difficult for China to make any solid air attack on India. It was informed that Air campaign against India was slightly difficult as they do not have enough airfields in Tibet.The experts said that PLAF suffers limitation against IAF adding that J-20’stealth aircraft was an asset for Chinese but Rafale aircrafts would be a big asset for India. They said that India has to maintain technological lead against the PLAF to safeguard its airspace in better manner. They said that India was far better equipped to combat the PLAF but this needs to be maintained in future.

As part of the Military Literature Festival which started today, a book discussion on ‘The Bugle Calls- A life in the Indian Army’ threw light on the emotions of an officer on joining the forces besides bringing up other aspects related to the army way of life.The discussion included panelists Lt. Col (Retd) Naresh Rastogi, Kiran Doshi (Both Authors of the book) and Lt. Gen. (Retd) Harbhajan Singh. The discussion was moderated by Lt. Gen. (Retd) Vijay Oberoi.Recounting his days as a cadet and an officer in the Army, Lt. Col Rastogi said that the first part deals with his sentiments while serving in the Army while the second part deals with the India of the 1950s and 1960s era which was different from what it is today. Airing his views, Lt. Gen. (Retd) Harbhajan Singh said that the most important of the book pertains to the battle of Asal Uttar in 1965 war which the author was part of besides the 1971 war. He also recounted how the Pakistani armour offensive was blunted during the course of that battle.Highlighting another aspect, Lt. Gen. Harbhajan Singh said that the regimental system is the way of life in the Army and is the backbone of the institution with slight aberrations which need to be sorted out.