There is enough space for us to innovate between regular pinprick-type LoC actions and a low-intensity conflict limited to J&K.

Four Indian soldiers of 15 Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry have been martyred, including a young officer. On 4 February 2018, the Line of Control (LoC) in the Bhimbar Gali sub-sector of Rajouri erupted with gunfire between the Indian and Pakistan army troops.

We retaliated with vigour and in a few days, we will hear of a possible trans-LoC operation or heavy fire assault which will lay low a couple of Pakistani soldiers in the vicinity of BG.

This has routinely been our response ever since Pakistan chose to brazenly breach the unwritten ceasefire accord of November 2003. That response by us is essentially tactical in nature. Tactical operations have a local and temporary effect and are good only for quid pro quo; they give a chance to flex muscles and rhetoric.

In the prevailing environment, anyone experienced in the complex dynamics of LoC operations will tell you that unless tactical operations are innovative, and planned for a larger effect, the strategic outcome is questionable.

To have a strategic effect, we need clarity on just what Pakistan is intending to achieve by keeping the LoC alive.

It’s been explained many times that for Pakistan, turbulence in the Kashmir hinterland or the LoC is a part of its strategy to keep the pot boiling and remind the international community of the existence of the Jammu and Kashmir issue. Since the Indian Army manages time and again to restore stability in the hinterland, and negates Pakistan’s ability to calibrate terrorist operations at will, the LoC remains the only location where Pakistan can exercise a degree of higher initiative.

After all, its operations are launched from across the LoC, from an area under its own control. The heat along the LoC with ceasefire violations and targeting of Indian patrols is also Pakistan’s way of messaging its support to the people of Kashmir.

Fresh thinking must emerge on the basis of experience so that the damage inflicted on the adversary becomes difficult for them to absorb. We must ensure that the adversary can no longer keep its losses under wraps. The cost of misadventure must be made unacceptable.

It is clear that General Pervez Musharraf’s ceasefire of November 2003 never met the approval of his corps commanders. The policy is now completely in reverse since 2014. In the ten-odd years when the ceasefire became less effective since 2008, our emphasis and focus should have been on hardening defensive infrastructure along with necessary countering of terrorist infiltration. However, the former was comparatively ignored.

The fine art of LoC operations was also partially compromised. The institutional knowledge which existed since 1971, and included that indefinable notion—’moral ascendancy’—as a battle-winning factor, somehow eroded as the Army was on an overdrive of sub-conventional operations outside the domain of the LoC.

Most experienced veterans are unified in their opinion that graduated response to Pakistan’s continuing misdemeanor only contributes towards keeping our strategy tactical. To escalate it to the operational-strategic domain the following specifics are almost mandatory.

• An acceptance that the ceasefire has now ceased to exist.
• Vertical escalation through employment of coordinated fire assaults over extended periods employing heavy weapons without remorse. This would involve an escalation many notches higher.
• Horizontal escalation to extend the scope to different areas along the LoC, especially in areas where we exercise total domination such as the entire Neelam Valley. Let the threat to Pakistan’s defences escalate enough for it to majorly consider a hurried redeployment of its internal security formations. It can even escalate to Kargil.
• Sufficient trained resources to strike at will at multiple targets beyond the LoC.
• Adequate preparation for adversary response, including caution against border action teams targeting patrols and logistics.
• Immediate infusion of funds for transformational execution of hardening of defensive infrastructure, including the fast track construction of civilian bunkers for border villages. Such management was done by the NDA government in 2003 too. LoC infrastructure must become impregnable. It has been ignored over the years.

There will surely be differing opinions with doubts on India’s ability to keep a tight control over the possibility of escalation into a possible full blown war. But Pakistan is neither wanting a war, nor is it prepared for it. Its ploy about tactical nukes must be taken as a bluff and our nuclear response must be spoken about more often.

There is enough space for us to innovate between regular pinprick-type LoC actions and a low intensity conflict limited to Jammu and Kashmir. Without a well-considered response, a half-baked quid pro quo will keep the situation in Pakistan’s advantage. There is an opinion that DGMO talks should be held at the earliest to de-escalate the situation. Such talks in the past have produced temporary reprieve and must be looked upon as a parallel response if they do materialise. The window towards engagement can always be open but from a position of strength and not weakness.

Lt. Gen. Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd), a former GOC of Srinagar-based 15 Corps, is associated with the Vivekanand International Foundation and the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies.

TDP MP from Chittoor N Sivaprasad (foreground), with other members from Andhra Pradesh, at a protest demanding special package for the state, in New Delhi on Tuesday. PTI

Tribune News Service

New Delhi, February 6

The government today informed the Lok Sabha that 400 security personnel were killed fighting militancy in Jammu and Kashmir and Left-Wing extremists in Naxal-affected areas in the past three years, while 111 persons were killed in 822 communal incidents in the country in 2017 with UP registering the highest number of such incidents.Responding to a question, Minister of State (MoS) for Home Hansraj Ahir placed before the House the figures, saying: “A total of 400 security personnel were killed fighting militancy in Jammu and Kashmir and Maoists in Left Wing Extremism-hit areas in the past three years.”In the written reply, Ahir said 72 civilians and 201 security personnel were killed in terrorist violence in Jammu and Kashmir in 2015-17. In case of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) areas, 572 civilians lost their lives and 199 security forces personnel were killed in the past three years, he added.Replying to another question, Ahir said there were 342 incidents of violence in Jammu and Kashmir in 2017, in which 80 security personnel were killed. As many as 213 terrorists were also killed. He said there were 133 encounters in 2017 and 97 terrorists were arrested. “In 2018, so far, there have been 28 incidents of violence in Jammu and Kashmir in which four security personnel and eight militants have been killed,” he said.Meanwhile, answering a question on communal violence in the country, the minister said 111 persons were killed and 2,384 injured in 822 such incidents in the country in 2017. He went on to add that the highest number (195) of such incidents were reported in Uttar Pradesh where 44 persons were killed and 542 injured.Giving details about poll-bound Karnataka, he said the state reported 100 communal incidents last year in which nine persons were killed and 229 injured while there were 91 incidents of riots in Rajasthan in which 12 persons were killed and 175 injured.

Govt tells Lok Sabha

• The government on Tuesday informed the Lok Sabha that in 2017, 342 incidents of violence occurred in J&K, claiming lives of 80 security personnel; 213 terrorists were also killed
• 111 persons were killed in 822 communal incidents in the country in 2017 with UP registering the highest number of such incidents.

Tribune News Service

Dharamsala, January 31

Lieutenant General YVK Mohan, General Officer Commanding (GOC), 9 Corps, today met Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur at the Circuit House here and discussed issues of mutual concern.An Army spokesperson said General Mohan took over as the GOC, 9 Corps, on January 18.Among others who attended the meeting were Health and Family Welfare Minister Vipin Parmar, Industries Minister Bikram Singh, Food, Civil and Consumer Affairs Minister Kishan Kapoor and government officials. They discussed the current security situation, land lease cases and the Dharamsala War Memorial renovation and infrastructure development. Both sides highlighted the joint achievements of civil and military forces in the fields of security and disaster relief. General Mohan thanked the state government for its support to the armed forces, its veterans and war widows.

Capt Amarinder Singh takes salute from the march past at Patiala. Tribune photo

Tribune News Service

Patiala, January 26

Chief Minister Capt Amarinder Singh on Friday appealed to the state’s farmers not to commit suicide saying his government is committed to the total implementation of its farm debt waiver programme by November 2018.He also launched the release of benefits under a unique scheme aimed at the inclusive growth of the distressed sections of society.In his brief speech after taking the salute and unfurling the national flag at the Republic Day parade at the YPS Stadium here, Amarinder assured the beleaguered farmers of the state that each of the 10.25 lakh farmers covered by the debt waiver scheme would receive its benefit by November this year.

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Underlining his government’s commitment to the development of Patiala, which had been “sidelined” by the erstwhile SAD-BJP government completely during its 10-year rule, the Chief Minister announced a development grant of Rs 45 crore for rural areas and Rs 5 crore for urban areas over and above the Rs 100 crore already announced by him for the upgrade of infrastructure in both urban and rural segments of the district.Holding the Akalis solely responsible for the ruin of the state’s economy, Capt Amarinder pointed out that when his government demitted office in 2007, the total debt burden on state was Rs 46,000 crore, which had now mounted to Rs 2,08,000 crore due to the misrule and ill- conceived policies of the SAD-BJP government.Listing out the various initiatives taken by his government to bring about the development of the state, which had been totally ruined by the Akalis, Capt Amarinder inaugurated a Rs 2000 crore project to repair 16,000 km rural link roads. This was the first time that the state government was investing such a huge amount for the development of rural link roads, he added.

Launching the benefits under the Mahatama Gandhi Sarbat Vikas Yojana, with the aim to ‘Wipe every tear from every eye’ as envisioned by Mahatma Gandhi, Amarinder said the programme’s objective is to give the distressed sections the help they needed, socially or economically or psychologically.

The government had identified a large number of such needy people who had so far been deprived of the pro-poor initiatives, he said, adding that of these, two lakh people would start getting the benefits of 20 different schemes of the government from today onwards.Extending Republic Day greetings to people, Amarinder recalled the historic moment in 1950 when India adopted its Constitution.He said the government had also decided to waive loans up to Rs 50,000 of Punjab Backward Classes Land Development and Finance Corporation (Backfinco) given to the beneficiaries.Amarinder also launched the e-POS scheme to cover the state’s fair price shops to replace the earlier blue card system for distribution of atta-dal.The Chief Minister lauded the visually and hearing and speech impaired students who participated in the parade and presented a taekwondo show. He announced Rs 1 lakh per school/college which participated in the cultural function, from the CM’s fund.The CM honoured freedom fighters and their families with shawls and sweets. He also honoured 67 eminent personalities from different walks of life for their outstanding contributions in their respective fields.

Pradeep Sharma

Tribune News Service

Chandigarh, January 25

In a major jolt to ex-servicemen and outstanding sportspersons aspiring for Class I and II jobs in Haryana, the state government has withdrawn its order on quota for them.According to an order issued by the Chief Secretary today, the instructions had been withdrawn from “date of its issuance (January 23, 2018)”.Though no official reason has been given for the withdrawal of the quota for the ESM and sportspersons, a senior government functionary told The Tribune that it had been done on account of certain ‘technical issues’.The state government would re-examine the issue and rectify the legal lacunae in the order so that there was no legal complications at a later stage, he said.Claiming that the state government was committed to providing quota to these two categories, the functionary asserted that the circular had been withdrawn for the “time being” and would be “re-issued” in due course after examining its legality.The Haryana Government had decided to provide 5 per cent horizontal reservation to ex-servicemen (ESM) and one per cent horizontal reservation to outstanding sportspersons in direct recruitment in the Class I and II jobsA circular issued by the Chief Secretary’s office had stated that in case no candidate was found suitable for appointment even on re-advertisement, the vacancies reserved for the ESM of a particular category would be filled from among the same category candidates.For example, if a suitable candidate belonging to the SC is not available in the ESM category, the post could be filled from among the candidates of the SC. The same condition would apply to other categories

Why no quota

• Though no official reason has been given for the withdrawal of the quota for the ESM and sportspersons, a senior government functionary told The Tribune that it had been done on account of certain ‘technical issues’.

Jora Farm villagers move to safer places after heavy shelling by Pakistan in the RS Pura sector on Sunday. PTI

Sumit Hakhoo

Tribune News Service

Jammu, January 21

As guns boomed along the International Border on Friday and Saturday, the thuds of falling shells could be heard in Jammu city, reminding people that how close the winter capital, having a population of 7 lakh, is to the battlefield.People living in residential colonies of the Temple City looked towards the western horizon as border villages experienced heavy and sustained bombardment. They could even hear the sound of heavy calibre weapons being used all along Suchetgarh, Kanachak and Akhnoor sectors.Jammu is separated from Pakistan by the 198-km International Border. The areas along the border have fertile fields in the northern India but the undulating land has greatly suffered due to continued hostility. While the 744-km Line of Control (LoC) starting from Akhnoor towards Rajouri, Poonch and Kashmir divides J&K from Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.From the city centre, the International Border towards RS Pura is at a distance of 27 km while the Gajansoo-Kanachak sector is nearly 25-30 km. Akhnoor lies nearly 50 km away the city.“Our heart goes out tothe people living near the border and soldiers who are defending our country. We are living in an undeclared battle zone since 1990 when insurgency erupted in Kashmir,” said Tarsem Kumar, a resident of Chinore.The entire International Border and LoC resemble trench warfare scenario of World War I when armies of Germany, Britain and French were bogged down in western Europe, with respective forces maintaining the status quo but using heavy weapons to attack each other’s positions.“Although only heavy mortars and automatic weapons are being used in the Jammu sector, nobody knows when the heavy artillery could be inducted,” said Inder Paul, who lives at Domana. Artillery and deadly air burst weapons are already being used along the LoC in Rajouri and Poonch sectors.“During night and day, we could hear the sound of shelling. The intensity of blasts explained how bad the situation was. Although there is no panic in the city, worries remain,” said Narinder Jamwal, a resident of Sarwal.Lakhs of people have taken refuge in Jammu city since 1947. The city has become an oasis for those escaping the trouble-torn areas of the Himalayan region.

File photo

Washington, January 20

American aerospace and defence major Lockheed Martin has proposed to manufacture custom-built F-35 fighter jets in India, which its officials say, will give Indian industry a unique opportunity to become part of the world’s largest fighter aircraft ecosystem.“We plan to introduce two new words into the lexicon of international fighter aircraft manufacturing: ‘India’ and ‘exclusive’,” Vivek Lall, vice president, strategy and business development, at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, told PTI in an interview.“India-specific state-of-the-art fighter production in India will be exclusive, something that has never before been presented by any other fighter aircraft manufacturer, past or present. There will also be a significant export market available for Indian-made fighters,” he said.

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Lall, an Indian American last year was instrumental in the decision of the Trump administration to sell top-of-the-line unarmed drones from General Atomics, in his previous capacity.Noting that the India-specific fighter on offer and its programme’s size, scope and success will enable Indian industry to take advantage of unprecedented manufacturing, upgrade and sustainment opportunities well into the future, Lall said the platform would give Indian industry a unique opportunity to become a part of the world’s largest fighter aircraft ecosystem.“We intend to create far more than an “assembly line” in India,” he said.Lall claimed no other advanced fourth-generation platform even comes close to matching the record of real-world combat experience and proven operational effectiveness.“The fighter being offered specifically to India is uniquely the best state-of-the-art fighter,” he said, adding that all three variants of the F-35 are single-engine aircraft.Many of the systems used on the India-specific platform are derived from key lessons learned and technologies from Lockheed Martin’s F-22 and the F-35, the world’s only operational fifth generation fighters, he said.Northrop Grumman’s advanced APG-83 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar on the F-16 Block 70 provides F-16s with fifth-generation fighter radar capabilities by leveraging hardware and software commonality with F-22 and F-35 AESA radars, he added.The APG-83 radar shares more than 95 per cent software commonality with the F-35 radar and more than 70 per cent hardware commonality.Lall said the F-16 provided the path to business relationships with Lockheed Martin, the only company in the world that had designed, developed and produced operational fifth-generation fighter aircraft.Technology improvements would also continue to flow between the F-16, F-22 and F-35 for decades, at a fraction of the cost to F-16 operators, he said.The platform being offered provides unmatched opportunities for Indian companies of all sizes, including micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and suppliers throughout India, to establish new business relationships with Lockheed Martin and other industry leaders in the US and around the globe, Lall said, giving an insight into the offer being made by his company.Asserting that approximately half of the Indian fighter supply chain would be common with the fifth-generation F-22 and F-35, Lall said the aircraft brought the most modern avionics, a proven AESA radar, modernised cockpit, advanced weapons, longer range with conformal fuel tanks, auto ground collision avoidance capability, and an advanced engine with an extended service life.Even with the addition of targeting systems and two 2,000 pound (lb) class Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs), the aircraft has a mission radius exceeding 1,300 km—30 per cent greater than that of its closest competitor, he said.“Many of the advances in systems on the aircraft India would get draw directly from key lessons learned from Lockheed Martin’s work on the F-22 and the F-35,” he said.“The AESA radar is the result of over two decades of investment, use and experience with AESA technology, and it’s fully operational today,” Lall said. PTI